简单命令
1.显示服务器上的可用实例：
ps -ef | grep smon
2.显示服务器上的可用监听器：
ps -ef | grep -i listener | grep -v grep
3.查看Oracle存档目录的文件系统使用情况:
df -h
4.统计alter.log文件中的行数：
[root@rac01 ~]# find / -name alert*
5.CRONTAB
一个crontab文件中包含有六个字段：
分钟 0-59
小时 0-23
月中的第几天 1-31
月份 1 - 12
星期几 0 - 6, with 0 = Sunday
6.
要编辑一个crontab文件，输入： Crontab -e
要查看一个crontab文件，输入： Crontab -l
0 4 * * 5 /dba/admin/analyze_table.ksh
30 3 * * 3,6 /dba/admin/hotbackup.ksh /dev/null 2>&1
在上面的例子中，第一行显示了一个分析表的脚本在每个星期5的4：00am运行。第二行显示了一个执行热备份的脚本在每个周三和周六的3：00a.m.运行。
监控脚本
以下提供的8个shell脚本覆盖了DBA每日监控工作的90%，你可能还需要修改UNIX的环境变量。
1.检查Oracle实例的可用性
oratab文件中列出了服务器上的所有数据库
[root@rac01 ~]# find / -name oratab
/etc/oratab
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/oratab
[root@rac01 ~]# cat /etc/oratab
以下的脚本检查oratab文件中列出的所有数据库，并且找出该数据库的状态（启动还是关闭）
###################################################################
## ckinstance.ksh ##
###################################################################
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
echo "`date` "
echo "Oracle Database(s) Status `hostname` :/n"
db=`egrep -i ":Y|:N" $ORATAB | cut -d":" -f1 | grep -v "/#" | grep -v "/*"`
pslist="`ps -ef | grep pmon`"
for i in $db ; do
echo "$pslist" | grep "ora_pmon_$i" > /dev/null 2>$1
if (( $? )); then
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Down"
else
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Up"
fi
done
使用以下的命令来确认该脚本是可以执行的：
$ chmod 744 ckinstance.ksh
$ ls -l ckinstance.ksh
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle dba 657 Mar 5 22:59 ckinstance.ksh
以下是实例可用性的报表：
$ sh ckinstance.ksh
Wed May 13 12:51:20 PDT 2009
Oracle Database(s) Status gambels :
Oracle Instance - PPRD: Up
Oracle Instance - PPRD10: Up
2. 检查Oracle监听器的可用性
以下有一个类似的脚本检查Oracle监听器。假如监听器停了，该脚本将会重新启动监听器：
#####################################################################
## cklsnr.sh ##
#####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle; export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_SID= PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK
PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH
. oraenv
DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST
cd /var/opt/oracle
rm -f lsnr.exist
ps -ef | grep PPRD10 | grep -v grep > lsnr.exist
if [ -s lsnr.exist ]
then
echo
else
echo "Alert" | mailx -s "Listener 'PPRD10' on `hostname` is down" $DBALIST
lsnrctl start PPRD10
fi
3. 检查Alert日志（ORA-XXXXX）
####################################################################
## ckalertlog.sh ##
####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/PPRD10/bdump
if [ -f alert_PPRD10.log ]
then
mv alert_PPRD10.log alert_work.log
touch alert_PPRD10.log
cat alert_work.log >> alert_PPRD10.hist
grep ORA- alert_work.log > alert.err
fi
if [ `cat alert.err | wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s " PPRD10 ORACLE ALERT ERRORS" $DBALIST < alert.err
fi
rm -f alert.err
rm -f alert_work.log
4. 清除旧的归档文件
以下的脚本将会在log文件达到90%容量的时候清空旧的归档文件：
$ df -k | grep arch
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/vx/dsk/proddg/archive 71123968 30210248 40594232 43% /u08/archive
#######################################################################
## clean_arch.ksh ##
#######################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
df -k | grep arch > dfk.result
archive_filesystem=`awk -F" " '{ print $6 }' dfk.result`
archive_capacity=`awk -F" " '{ print $5 }' dfk.result`
if [ $archive_capacity > 90% ]
then
echo "Filesystem ${archive_filesystem} is ${archive_capacity} filled"
# try one of the following option depend on your need
find $archive_filesystem -type f -mtime +2 -exec rm -r {} ;
tar
rman
fi
5. 分析表和索引（以得到更好的性能）
以下我将展示假如传送参数到一个脚本中：
####################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
# input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID
if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'oracle' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0
fi
if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0
fi
要传入参数以执行该脚本，输入：
$ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1
脚本的第一部分产生了一个analyze.sql文件，里面包含了分析表用的语句。脚本的第二部分分析全部的表：
#################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
#################################################################
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set heading off
set feed off
set pagesize 200
set linesize 100
spool analyze_table.sql
select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' || owner || '.' || segment_name ||
' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;'
from dba_segments
where segment_type = 'TABLE'
and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');
spool off
exit
EOF
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
@./analyze_table.sql
exit
EOF
以下是analyze.sql的一个例子：
$ cat analyze.sql
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
6. 检查表空间的使用
以下的脚本检测表空间的使用。假如表空间只剩下10%，它将会发送一个警告email。
#####################################################################
## ck_tbsp.sh ##
#####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set feed off
set linesize 100
set pagesize 200
column "USED (MB)" format a10
column "FREE (MB)" format a10
column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10
column PER_FREE format a10
spool tablespace.alert
SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME,
TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),'999,999') "USED (MB)",
TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, '999,999') "FREE (MB)",
TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, '999,999') "TOTAL (MB)",
TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),'999')||' %' PER_FREE
FROM (
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024
FROM V/$PARAMETER
WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size')/1024)
) FREE_SPACE
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) F,
(
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) T
WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 80;
spool off
exit
EOF
if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
cat tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp
mailx -s "TABLESPACE ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp
fi
警告email输出的例子如下：
TABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB) FREE (MB) TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SYSTEM 519 401 920 44 %
MILLDATA 559 441 1,000 44 %
SYSAUX 331 609 940 65 %
MILLREPORTS 146 254 400 64 %
7. 查找出无效的数据库对象
以下查找出无效的数据库对象：
#####################################################################
##invalid_object_alert.sh
#####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set feed off
set heading off
column OWNER format a10
column OBJECT_NAME format a35
column OBJECT_TYPE format a10
column STATUS format a10
spool invalid_object.alert
SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE STATUS = 'INVALID' ORDER BY OWNER, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME;
spool off
exit
EOF
if [ `cat invalid_object.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then
mailx -s "INVALID OBJECTS for PPRD10" $DBALIST < invalid_object.alert
fi
$ more invalid_object.alert
PUBLIC ALL_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC ALL_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC DBA_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_CART_TEXT SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_GEOMETRY SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGR SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGRSET SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_REGION SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC SDO_REGIONSET SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC USER_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC USER_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID
PUBLIC WM_COMPRESS_BATCH_SIZES SYNONYM INVALID
8. 监视用户和事务（死锁等）
以下的脚本在死锁发生的时候发送一个警告e-mail：
###################################################################
## deadlock_alert.sh ##
###################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH
DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' <<EOF
set feed off
set heading off
spool deadlock.alert
SELECT SID, DECODE(BLOCK, 0, 'NO', 'YES' ) BLOCKER,
DECODE(REQUEST, 0, 'NO','YES' ) WAITER
FROM V/$LOCK
WHERE REQUEST > 0 OR BLOCK > 0
ORDER BY block DESC;
spool off
exit
EOF
if [ `cat deadlock.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s "DEADLOCK ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < deadlock.alert
fi
结论
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckinstance.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/cklsnr.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckalertlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
30 * * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/clean_arch.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 1,3 /dba/scripts/analyze_table.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/ck_tbsp.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/invalid_object_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/deadlock_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
通过以上的脚本，可大大减轻你的工作。你可以使用这些是来做更重要的工作，例如性能调整。