Adobe Flash Builder 4.5 Android Air 程序开发系列 之三 Application 配置详解

上一讲讲解了HelloWorld 程序的安装，部署。在部署的过程中，用到了一个重要的配置文件,HelloWorld-app.xml ，是极其重要的配置文件。这里做详细的讲解。

HelloWorld-app.xml 的内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>

<application xmlns="http://ns.adobe.com/air/application/2.6">

<!-- Adobe AIR Application Descriptor File Template.

Specifies parameters for identifying, installing, and launching AIR applications.

xmlns - The Adobe AIR namespace: http://ns.adobe.com/air/application/2.6

The last segment of the namespace specifies the version 

of the AIR runtime required for this application to run.

minimumPatchLevel - The minimum patch level of the AIR runtime required to run 

the application. Optional.

-->

<!-- A universally unique application identifier. Must be unique across all AIR applications.

Using a reverse DNS-style name as the id is recommended. (Eg. com.example.ExampleApplication.) Required. -->

<id>HelloWorld.debug</id>

<!-- Used as the filename for the application. Required. -->

<filename>HelloWorld</filename>

<!-- The name that is displayed in the AIR application installer. 

May have multiple values for each language. See samples or xsd schema file. Optional. -->

<name>HelloWorld-debug</name>

<!-- A string value of the format <0-999>.<0-999>.<0-999> that represents application version which can be used to check for application upgrade. 

Values can also be 1-part or 2-part. It is not necessary to have a 3-part value.

An updated version of application must have a versionNumber value higher than the previous version. Required for namespace >= 2.5 . -->

<versionNumber>0.0.0</versionNumber>

         

<!-- A string value (such as "v1", "2.5", or "Alpha 1") that represents the version of the application, as it should be shown to users. Optional. -->

<!-- <versionLabel></versionLabel> -->

<!-- Description, displayed in the AIR application installer.

May have multiple values for each language. See samples or xsd schema file. Optional. -->

<!-- <description></description> -->

<!-- Copyright information. Optional -->

<!-- <copyright></copyright> -->

<!-- Publisher ID. Used if you're updating an application created prior to 1.5.3 -->

<!-- <publisherID></publisherID> -->

<!-- Settings for the application's initial window. Required. -->

<initialWindow>

<!-- The main SWF or HTML file of the application. Required. -->

<!-- Note: In Flash Builder, the SWF reference is set automatically. -->

<content>HelloWorld.swf</content>

<!-- The title of the main window. Optional. -->

<!-- <title></title> -->

<!-- The type of system chrome to use (either "standard" or "none"). Optional. Default standard. -->

<!-- <systemChrome></systemChrome> -->

<!-- Whether the window is transparent. Only applicable when systemChrome is none. Optional. Default false. -->

<!-- <transparent></transparent> -->

<!-- Whether the window is initially visible. Optional. Default false. -->

<!-- <visible></visible> -->

<!-- Whether the user can minimize the window. Optional. Default true. -->

<!-- <minimizable></minimizable> -->

<!-- Whether the user can maximize the window. Optional. Default true. -->

<!-- <maximizable></maximizable> -->

<!-- Whether the user can resize the window. Optional. Default true. -->

<!-- <resizable></resizable> -->

<!-- The window's initial width in pixels. Optional. -->

<!-- <width></width> -->

<!-- The window's initial height in pixels. Optional. -->

<!-- <height></height> -->

<!-- The window's initial x position. Optional. -->

<!-- <x></x> -->

<!-- The window's initial y position. Optional. -->

<!-- <y></y> -->

<!-- The window's minimum size, specified as a width/height pair in pixels, such as "400 200". Optional. -->

<!-- <minSize></minSize> -->

<!-- The window's initial maximum size, specified as a width/height pair in pixels, such as "1600 1200". Optional. -->

<!-- <maxSize></maxSize> -->

        <!-- The initial aspect ratio of the app when launched (either "portrait" or "landscape"). Optional. Mobile only. Default is the natural orientation of the device -->

        <!-- <aspectRatio></aspectRatio> -->

        <!-- Whether the app will begin auto-orienting on launch. Optional. Mobile only. Default false -->

        <!-- <autoOrients></autoOrients> -->

        <!-- Whether the app launches in full screen. Optional. Mobile only. Default false -->

        <!-- <fullScreen></fullScreen> -->

        <!-- The render mode for the app (either auto, cpu, or gpu). Optional. Mobile only. Default auto -->

        <!-- <renderMode></renderMode> -->

<!-- Whether or not to pan when a soft keyboard is raised or lowered (either "pan" or "none").  Optional.  Defaults "pan." -->

<!-- <softKeyboardBehavior></softKeyboardBehavior> -->

<autoOrients>true</autoOrients>

        <fullScreen>false</fullScreen>

        <visible>true</visible>

        <softKeyboardBehavior>none</softKeyboardBehavior>

    </initialWindow>

<!-- We recommend omitting the supportedProfiles element, -->

<!-- which in turn permits your application to be deployed to all -->

<!-- devices supported by AIR. If you wish to restrict deployment -->

<!-- (i.e., to only mobile devices) then add this element and list -->

<!-- only the profiles which your application does support. -->

<!-- <supportedProfiles>desktop extendedDesktop mobileDevice extendedMobileDevice</supportedProfiles> -->

<!-- The subpath of the standard default installation location to use. Optional. -->

<!-- <installFolder></installFolder> -->

<!-- The subpath of the Programs menu to use. (Ignored on operating systems without a Programs menu.) Optional. -->

<!-- <programMenuFolder></programMenuFolder> -->

<!-- The icon the system uses for the application. For at least one resolution,

specify the path to a PNG file included in the AIR package. Optional. -->

<!-- <icon>

<image16x16></image16x16>

<image32x32></image32x32>

<image36x36></image36x36>

<image48x48></image48x48>

<image72x72></image72x72>

<image114x114></image114x114>

<image128x128></image128x128>

</icon> -->

<!-- Whether the application handles the update when a user double-clicks an update version

of the AIR file (true), or the default AIR application installer handles the update (false).

Optional. Default false. -->

<!-- <customUpdateUI></customUpdateUI> -->

<!-- Whether the application can be launched when the user clicks a link in a web browser.

Optional. Default false. -->

<!-- <allowBrowserInvocation></allowBrowserInvocation> -->

<!-- Listing of file types for which the application can register. Optional. -->

<!-- <fileTypes> -->

<!-- Defines one file type. Optional. -->

<!-- <fileType> -->

<!-- The name that the system displays for the registered file type. Required. -->

<!-- <name></name> -->

<!-- The extension to register. Required. -->

<!-- <extension></extension> -->

<!-- The description of the file type. Optional. -->

<!-- <description></description> -->

<!-- The MIME content type. -->

<!-- <contentType></contentType> -->

<!-- The icon to display for the file type. Optional. -->

<!-- <icon>

<image16x16></image16x16>

<image32x32></image32x32>

<image48x48></image48x48>

<image128x128></image128x128>

</icon> -->

<!-- </fileType> -->

<!-- </fileTypes> -->

    <!-- iOS specific capabilities -->

<!-- <iPhone> -->

<!-- A list of plist key/value pairs to be added to the application Info.plist -->

<!-- <InfoAdditions>

            <![CDATA[

                <key>UIDeviceFamily</key>

                <array>

                    <string>1</string>

                    <string>2</string>

                </array>

                <key>UIStatusBarStyle</key>

                <string>UIStatusBarStyleBlackOpaque</string>

                <key>UIRequiresPersistentWiFi</key>

                <string>YES</string>

            ]]>

        </InfoAdditions> -->

        <!-- <requestedDisplayResolution></requestedDisplayResolution> -->

<!-- </iPhone> -->

<!-- Specify Android specific tags that get passed to AndroidManifest.xml file. -->

<!--<android> 

<manifestAdditions>

<![CDATA[

<manifest android:installLocation="auto">

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>

<uses-configuration android:reqFiveWayNav="true"/>

<supports-screens android:normalScreens="true"/>

<uses-feature android:required="true" android:name="android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch"/>

<application android:enabled="true">

<activity android:excludeFromRecents="false">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</application>

</manifest>

]]>

</manifestAdditions> 

</android> -->

<!-- End of the schema for adding the android specific tags in AndroidManifest.xml file -->

<android>

        <manifestAdditions><![CDATA[

<manifest android:installLocation="auto">

    <!--See the Adobe AIR documentation for more information about setting Google Android permissions-->

    <!--删除 android.permission.INTERNET 权限将导致无法调试设备上的应用程序-->

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>-->

    <!--应同时切换 DISABLE_KEYGUARD 和 WAKE_LOCK 权限，才能访问 AIR

的 SystemIdleMode API-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>-->

    <!--应同时切换 ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE 和 ACCESS_WIFI_STATE 权限，才能使用 AIR

的 NetworkInfo API-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>-->

</manifest>

]]></manifestAdditions>

    </android>

</application>

Application Icon：

默认系统图标是安卓绿色图标。图标必须是36*36,48*48 和72*72 像素的PNG图片。这些图标被分别用于低，中，高级别的屏幕。

为了使你的图标更加的标准，Google 提供了一套Photoshop 的模板：http://developer.android.com/guid/pracitces/ui_guidelins/icon_design.html。添加图标到apk 的方法：

在开发环境中添加创建的icons，在项目中建立icons 文件夹，右键项目【属性】|【Flex构建打包】|【Google Android】，选择【包内容】标签页，在【包括的文件中】选中刚才建立的icons 文件夹，这样，图标文件便会编译到apk文件中。

另外一种方法，在Application  配置中添加icons，如下面的代码：

  <icon>

<image16x16>icons/icon16.png</image16x16>

<image32x32>icons/icon32.png</image32x32>

<image48x48>icons/icon48.png</image48x48>

<image128x128>icons/icon48.png</image128x128>

</icon> 

使用命令行打包：

AIR-sdk-path/bin/adt -package -target apk -storetype pkcs12 -keystore youcertificate.p12 hellp.apk Main-app.xml Main.swf icons

Permission:

安卓系统的安全与权限模块要求有对相应的部分如gps 要有开发权限。在Application 配置文件中，来处了部分的权限。需要注意的是，权限在运行时不能被修改。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>-->

    <!--应同时切换 DISABLE_KEYGUARD 和 WAKE_LOCK 权限，才能访问 AIR

的 SystemIdleMode API-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>-->

    <!--应同时切换 ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE 和 ACCESS_WIFI_STATE 权限，才能使用 AIR

的 NetworkInfo API-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>-->

    <!--<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>-->

</manifest>

Sdk 的官网列出了详细的权限。http://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html。

安卓系统的加载器会保持对运行的application 程序的显示。长按【Home】按钮，会理出最近运行的程序。如果你不想你的应用程序出现在该列表中，为mainifest 添加 excludeFromRecents,例如：

<android>

        <manifestAdditions><![CDATA[

<manifest android:enabled="auto">

<activity android:excludeFromRecents="false">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</manifest>

]]></manifestAdditions>

</android>

应用程序默认是安装在设备的存储中的。但是你查看设备的【Settings】|【Applications】|【Manage Applications】，你会注意到有些程序是可以被移动到SD 卡的（也能被移动到手机）。

有些安卓的应用和AIR 的程序没有这个选项。你必须键入以下命令，所有的应用程序就能移动了：

Adb shell pm setInstallLocation 2

还原设置

Adb shell pm setInstallLocation 0

如果你设置 installLocation 为preferExternal,内部保存不是可选的。程序中所有的内容，包括应用程序，都会存储在sd 卡中。这个对于大的应用程序来说非常有用。如果sd卡满了，系统将会安装应用程序到设备。

<android>

        <manifestAdditions><![CDATA[

<manifest>

<attribute name="android:installLocation" value="preferExternal">

</manifest>

]]></manifestAdditions>

</android>

用户可以删除应用程序的数据。如果你不想阻止删除数据，你可以添加allowClearUserData 属性

<Manifest>

<application adroid:allClearUserData="false">

</Manifest>