8-12接口测试进阶-1数据驱动

课程目录：

• 数据驱动
• 接口源码分析
• 从源码中解析接口信息
• Dubbo接口测试
• 接口持续集成

1. 数据驱动测试（Data-Driver Testing）

相同的测试脚本使用不同的测试数据执行，并完全分离了测试数据和测试行为，这样的设计模式叫做数据驱动。
TestNG实现测试驱动的两个关键注解：

• @DataProvider(推荐)
• @Parameters（参数存储在xml中，不够灵活）

2. DataProvider基础

2.1 使用DataProvider

数据类

package com.csj2018.testdata;

import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;

public class TestData {
    @DataProvider(name="car")
    public static Object[][] createData(){
        return new Object[][]{
                {"明朝","王阳明"}
        };
    }
}

测试类

package com.csj2018;

import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class DataProviderDemo {
    /*
     * 类中提供测试数据
     */
    @DataProvider(name="car")
    public Object[][] createData(){
        return new Object[][]{
                {"大众","帕萨特"},
        };
    }
    @Test(dataProvider = "car")
    public void testData1(String brand,String middleClassAuto){
        System.out.println("@dataProvider 从本类中读取测试数据");
        System.out.println("品牌："+brand+"	中级车："+middleClassAuto);
    }
    @Test(dataProvider = "car",dataProviderClass = com.csj2018.testdata.TestData.class)
    public void testData2(String dynasty,String famous){
        System.out.println("@dataProvider 从数据类中读取测试数据");
        System.out.println("朝代："+dynasty+"	人物："+famous);
    }
}

2.2 method定制

package com.csj2018.testdata;

import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class TestData {
    @DataProvider(name="car")
    public Object[][] createData(Method m){
        if(m.getName().equals("testData2")){
            return new Object[][]{
                    {"西汉","霍去病"}
            };
        }
        return new Object[][]{
                {"明朝","王阳明"}
        };
    }
}

package com.csj2018;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class Demo1 {
    @Test(dataProvider = "car",dataProviderClass = com.csj2018.testdata.TestData.class)
    public void testData1(String dynasty,String famous){
        System.out.println("非testData2方法");
        System.out.println("朝代："+dynasty+"	人物："+famous);
    }
    @Test(dataProvider = "car",dataProviderClass = com.csj2018.testdata.TestData.class)
    public void testData2(String dynasty,String famous){
        System.out.println("testData2方法");
        System.out.println("朝代："+dynasty+"	人物："+famous);
    }
}

3. 使用Parameters

创建测试用例

package com.csj2018;

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;


public class TestParameters {
    @Test
    @Parameters({"province","city"})
    public void testParameters(String province, String city){
        System.out.println("@Parameters");
        System.out.println("省份："+province+"	城市："+city);
    }
}

新建xml文件，用于传递参数，并执行用例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="All Test Suite" verbose="1">
    <test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="lesson1"><!--测试名称-->
        <classes>
            <class name="com.csj2018.TestParameters"><!--测试类的路径-->
                <parameter name="province" value="浙江" />
                <parameter name="city" value="杭州" />
                <methods>
                    <include name="testParameters"/>
                </methods>
            </class>
        </classes>
    </test>
</suite>

4. DataProvider扩展

数据通常存在文件中，如csv、Excel，和用例是完全分离的

4.1 CSV

csv文件src/test/java/com/csj2018/testdata/testforpeople.csv

阿里,马云
腾讯,马化腾

读取csv文件的工具类CsvReade.java

package testdata;

import org.omg.CORBA.OBJ_ADAPTER;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class CsvReader {
    public static Object[][] getTestData(String fileName) throws IOException{
        List<Object[]> records = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        String record;
        /**
         * 设定UTF-8字符集，使用带缓冲区的字符输入流BufferedReader读取文件
         */
        BufferedReader file = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName),"UTF-8"));
        /**
         * 读取CSV文件的标题行（第一行）,忽略
         */
        file.readLine();
        /**
         * 遍历读取文件中除第一行外的其他所有行内容，并存储名为results的ArrayList中
         * 每一个records中存储的对象为一个String数组
         */
        while ((record = file.readLine()) != null){
            String[] fileds = record.split(",");
            records.add(fileds);
        }
        file.close();
        /**
         * 定义函数返回值，即Object[][]
         * 将存储测试数据的list转换为一个Object的二维数组
         */
        Object[][] result = new Object[(records.size())][];
        for (int i = 0; i< records.size();i++){
            result[i] = records.get(i);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

用例CsvTestDemo.java

package com.csj2018.testcase;

import com.csj2018.utils.CsvReader;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class CsvTestDemo {
    @DataProvider(name="csv")
    public  Object[][] testData() throws IOException {
        return CsvReader.getTestData("src/test/java/com/csj2018/testdata/testforpeople.csv");
    }
    @Test(dataProvider="csv")
    public void test(String compay,String people){
        System.out.println(compay+"	"+people);
    }
}

4.2 Excel

操作Excel使用支持的第三方库，如poi库
在其官方网站有很多示例代码，如Reading and Rewriting Workbooks
先导入依赖

		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
			<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
			<version>3.17</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.poi/poi-ooxml -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
			<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
			<version>3.17</version>
		</dependency>

4.2.1 按照官方示例，熟悉poi

package com.testerhome;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class TestExcel {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception{
        try(InputStream inp = new FileInputStream("car.xlsx")){
            Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(inp);
            Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
            Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
            System.out.println(row.getCell(0)+"	"+row.getCell(1));
            Cell cell = row.getCell(2);
            if(cell == null){
                cell = row.createCell(3);
            }
            cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
            cell.setCellValue("日本车");
            try(OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("car.xlsx")){
                wb.write(out);
            }
        }catch (IOException e){
            System.out.println("文件不存在");
        }
    }
}

#### 4.2.2 使用Excel数据源，编写用例 编写工具类 ```#java package com.util;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ExcelReader {
static Workbook workbook;
public static Object[][] readExcel(String filename,String sheetName) throws Exception{
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filename);
String fileExtensionName = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));
if(fileExtensionName.equals(".xlsx")){
workbook =new XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
}else if(fileExtensionName.equals(".xls")){
workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
}else{
System.out.println("该文件不是Excel文件");
}
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
System.out.println(sheet.getFirstRowNum()+" "+sheet.getLastRowNum());
int rowcount = sheet.getLastRowNum() - sheet.getFirstRowNum();
List<Object[]> records = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
for(int i=1;i<=rowcount;i++){
Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
String[] files = new String[row.getLastCellNum()];
for(int j=0;j<row.getLastCellNum();j++){
Cell cell = row.getCell(j);
files[j] = cell.getStringCellValue();
}
records.add(files);
}
Object[][] results = new Object[records.size()][];
for(int i=0;i<records.size();i++){
results[i]=records.get(i);
}
return results;
}
}

测试类，<font color="#FF0000"注意将Excel表恢复</font>
```#java
package com.testerhome;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class TestExcel {
    @DataProvider(name="excel")
    public Object[][] testExcelData() throws  Exception{
        return ExcelReader.readExcel("car.xlsx","sheet1");
    }
    @Test(dataProvider = "excel")
    public void testDataProvider(String brand, String car){
        System.out.println("品牌："+brand+"	 车型："+car);
    }
}

#### 4.2.3 通过读取Excel，编写接口用例 ```#java @DataProvider(name="comment") public Object[][] CommentData() throws Exception{ return ExcelReader.readExcel("comment.xlsx","sheet1"); } @Test(dataProvider = "comment") public void testComment(String id,String page,String code){ String url = "https://www.apiopen.top/satinCommentApi"; given().param("id",id).param("page",page).get(url).then().body("code",equalTo(code.substring(0,code.indexOf(".")))); } ```