JAVA 图形开发中组件对齐方法及界面开发

/*文章中用到的代码只是一部分，需要源码的可通过邮箱联系我 1978702969@qq.com*/

在上篇博客中提到了JAVA图形界面开发时的两种布局，流式布局和边框布局。

在实际使用中可能会发现，往容器中添加组件往往并不能得到想要的结果。比如想上下对齐两个组件，而流式布局是从左到右的，此时就很难实现上下对齐，此篇文章将介绍两个方法。

1.直接使用坐标贴图

　　如下面这个计算器的制作

　　

package Graphic;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class Calculator {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator login = new Calculator();
        login.Init();
    }

    public void Init()
    {
        String arr[] = {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","0","+","-","*","/","="};
        
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setTitle("计算器");
        frame.setSize(600,400);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        frame.setResizable(false);

        frame.setLayout(null);
        
        JTextField text1 = new     JTextField();
        text1.setBounds(40, 20, 400, 40);
        frame.add(text1);
        
        
        for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
        {
            JButton button = new JButton();
            button.setText(arr[i]);
            button.setBounds((i%3)*100+40, (i/3)*60+80, 80, 40);
            frame.add(button);
        }
        
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setText("0");
        button.setBounds(40, 260, 180, 40);
        frame.add(button);
        
        JButton button1 = new JButton();
        button1.setText(".");
        button1.setBounds(240, 260, 80, 40);
        frame.add(button1);
        
        for(int i=10;i<arr.length - 1;i++)
        {
            JButton button2 = new JButton();
            button2.setText(arr[i]);
            button2.setBounds(360, (i-10)*60+80, 80, 40);
            frame.add(button2);
        }
        

        JButton button2 = new JButton();
        button2.setText("x^2");
        button2.setBounds(460, 80, 80, 40);
        frame.add(button2);
        
        JButton button3 = new JButton();
        button3.setText("√x");
        button3.setBounds(460, 140, 80, 40);
        frame.add(button3);
        
        JButton button4 = new JButton();
        button4.setText("=");
        button4.setBounds(460, 200, 80, 100);
        frame.add(button4);
        
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.设置组件大小

　　下面这个界面的制作

　　

package Graphic;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class Login1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Login1 login = new Login1();
        login.Init();
    }
    
    public void Init()
    {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setTitle("QQ");
        frame.setSize(430,330);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
        frame.setResizable(false);
        
        BorderLayout b1 = new BorderLayout();
        frame.setLayout(b1);
        //添加图片 北
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon("C:\Users\long452a\Desktop\a1.jpg");
        JLabel labIcon = new JLabel(icon);
        frame.add(labIcon,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        
        //添加面板容器：账号、密码
        JPanel centerPanel = new JPanel();
        centerPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,10,5));    
        
        JLabel labName = new JLabel("账号:");
        labName.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.RIGHT);//这步很关键，通过设置右对齐的方式在前面补空
        labName.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(110,30));
        centerPanel.add(labName);
        
        JTextField textName = new JTextField();
        textName.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(180,30));
        centerPanel.add(textName);
        
        
        JLabel labPassowrd = new JLabel("密码 :");    
        labPassowrd.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.RIGHT);
        labPassowrd.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(110,30));
        centerPanel.add(labPassowrd);
        
        JPasswordField textPassword = new JPasswordField();
        textPassword.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(180,30));
        centerPanel.add(textPassword,labPassowrd);
            
        
        JPanel centerPanel1 = new JPanel();
        centerPanel1.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,5,5));    
        JCheckBox rememberBox = new JCheckBox();
        rememberBox.setText("记住密码");
        rememberBox.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.RIGHT);
        rememberBox.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(140,30));
        centerPanel.add(rememberBox);
        
        JCheckBox rememberBox2 = new JCheckBox();
        rememberBox2.setText("自动登录");
        rememberBox2.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.RIGHT);
        rememberBox2.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100,30));
        centerPanel.add(rememberBox2);
        
        JButton southButton = new JButton();
        southButton.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(120,40));
        southButton.setText("登录");
        centerPanel1.add(southButton);
        
        frame.add(centerPanel1, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(centerPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}