| N | nk |
X(k)=DFT[x(n)] = Σx(n)W | ||
| n="0" | |
式(1)
其中,W="exp"(-2π/N)。
在下面的源码里,对应函数为 DFT
算法导论 里介绍了一种递归计算fft地方法, 函数为FFT_recursive
主要利用了 DFT(x) = DFT[0](x) + w*DFT[1](x)
继而导出迭代的fft计算方法,就是现在最常用的,函数为FFT_Iter
步骤为:
将输入数组元素反置变换
for 树的每一层:
for 这一层上需要计算的每一对数据:
根据这一对数据,及蝶形公式,计算上一层的数据
另外,代码里写了一个简单的复数类和向量计算函数
1#include <vector>
2#include <math.h>
3#include <assert.h>
4//#include <windows.h>
5
6using namespace std;
7
8//************************************/
9// Fushu
10/**************************************/
11class FuShu
12{
13 public:
14 FuShu(double r=0, double i=0): x(r), y(i)
15 {
16 }
17
18 FuShu & operator+= (FuShu const &rhs)
19 {
20 x += rhs.x;
21 y += rhs.y;
22 return *this;
23 }
24
25 FuShu & operator-= (FuShu const &rhs)
26 {
27 x -= rhs.x;
28 y -= rhs.y;
29 return *this;
30 }
31
32 FuShu & operator*= (FuShu const &rhs)
33 {
34 double x2 = x * rhs.x - y * rhs.y;
35 double y2 = x * rhs.y + y * rhs.x;
36 x=x2;
37 y=y2;
38 return *this;
39 }
40
41 //private:
42 double x,y;
43};
44
45FuShu operator+ (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
46{
47 FuShu res = lhs;
48 return res+=rhs;
49}
50
51FuShu operator- (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
52{
53 FuShu res = lhs;
54 return res-=rhs;
55}
56
57FuShu operator* (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
58{
59 FuShu res = lhs;
60 return res*=rhs;
61}
62
63double fabs(FuShu const & lhs)
64{
65 return fabs(lhs.x) + fabs(lhs.y);
66}
67// bool operator== (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
68// {
69 // return lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y;
70// }
71
72void Print(FuShu const & lhs)
73{
74 if(lhs.y>=0)
75 printf("%g+%gj ", lhs.x, lhs.y);
76 else
77 printf("%g%gj ", lhs.x, lhs.y);
78}
79
80void Print(vector <FuShu> const & lhs)
81{
82 size_t n=lhs.size();
83 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
84 Print(lhs[i]);
85 printf("\n");
86}
87
88
89//************************************/
90// vector
91/**************************************/
92
93template <typename T>
94vector <T> operator+ (vector <T> const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
95{
96 assert(lhs.size() == rhs.size());
97 vector <T> res;
98 size_t n = lhs.size();
99 res.resize(n);
100 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
101 res[i] = lhs[i] + rhs[i];
102 return res;
103}
104
105template <typename T>
106vector <T> operator- (vector <T> const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
107{
108 assert(lhs.size() == rhs.size());
109 vector <T> res;
110 size_t n = lhs.size();
111 res.resize(n);
112 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
113 res[i] = lhs[i] - rhs[i];
114 return res;
115}
116
117
118template <typename T>
119vector <T> operator* (FuShu const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
120{
121 vector <T> res;
122 size_t n = rhs.size();
123 res.resize(n);
124 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
125 res[i] = lhs[i] * rhs[i];
126 return res;
127}
128
129template <typename T>
130double fabs(vector <T> const & lhs)
131{
132 double res(0);
133 size_t n=lhs.size();
134
135 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
136 res += fabs(lhs[i]);
137 return res;
138}
139// template <typename T>
140// bool operator== (FuShu const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
141// {
142 // size_t n = lhs.size();
143 // if(n != rhs.size())
144 // return false;
145
146 // for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
147 // if(lhs[i] != rhs[i])
148 // return false;
149
150 // return true;
151// }
152
153template <typename T>
154vector <T> & operator<<(vector <T> & lhs, T const &rhs)
155{
156 lhs.push_back(rhs);
157 return lhs;
158}
159
160/***************************************************/
161// FFT
162/***************************************************/
163vector<FuShu> DFT(vector<FuShu> const &a)
164{
165 size_t n=a.size();
166 if(n==1) return a;
167
168 vector<FuShu> res(n);
169 for(size_t k=0; k<n; k++)
170 {
171 FuShu wnk(cos(6.28*k/n), sin(6.28*k/n));
172 FuShu w = 1;
173 for(size_t j=0; j<n; ++j, w*=wnk)
174 res[k] += a[j] * w;
175 }
176
177 return res;
178}
179
180vector<FuShu> FFT_recursive(vector<FuShu> const &a)
181{
182 size_t n=a.size();
183 if(n==1) return a;
184
185 FuShu wn(cos(6.28/n), sin(6.28/n));
186 FuShu w(1);
187 vector<FuShu> a0, a1;
188 a0.reserve(n/2);
189 a1.reserve(n/2);
190 for(size_t i=0; i<n/2; i++)
191 {
192 a0.push_back(a[i*2]);
193 a1.push_back(a[i*2+1]);
194 }
195
196 vector<FuShu> y0 = FFT_recursive(a0);
197 vector<FuShu> y1 = FFT_recursive(a1);
198
199 vector<FuShu> vy;
200 vy.resize(n);
201 for(size_t k=0; k<n/2; k++)
202 {
203 vy[k] = y0[k] + w * y1[k];
204 vy[k + n/2] = y0[k] - w * y1[k];
205 w = w*wn;
206 }
207
208 return vy;
209}
210
211unsigned int rev(unsigned int num, unsigned int nBits)
212{
213 unsigned int r = 0;
214 for(unsigned int i=0; i<nBits; i++)
215 {
216 if(num&(1<<i))
217 r |= 1<<(nBits-i-1);
218 }
219
220 return r;
221}
222
223vector<FuShu> FFT_Iter(vector<FuShu> const &a, unsigned int nBits)
224{
225 size_t n=a.size();
226 if(n==1) return a;
227
228 vector<FuShu> A;
229 A.reserve(n);
230 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
231 A<<a[rev(i,nBits)];
232
233 size_t m=2;
234 for(size_t s=0; s<nBits; s++, m*=2)
235 {
236 FuShu wm(cos(6.28/m), sin(6.28/m));
237 for(size_t k=0; k<n; k+=m)
238 {
239 FuShu w=1;
240 for(size_t j=0; j<m/2; j++, w*=wm)
241 {
242 FuShu t = w * A[k+j+m/2];
243 FuShu u = A[k+j];
244 A[k+j] = u+t;
245 A[k+j+m/2] = u-t;
246 }
247 }
248 }
249
250 return A;
251}
252
253/***************************************************/
254// Main
255/***************************************************/
256
257void main()
258{
259
260 srand(clock());
261 for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
262 {
263 FuShu a(rand(),rand()), b(rand(),rand());
264
265 vector<FuShu> vA;
266 vA<<a <<b<<a <<b;
267
268 printf("input:\n");
269 Print(vA);
270 printf("FFT_recursive result:\n");
271 vector<FuShu> vB = FFT_recursive(vA);
272 Print(vB);
273 printf("DFT result:\n");
274 vector<FuShu> vBDft = DFT(vA);
275 Print(vBDft);
276
277 printf("FFT_Iter result:\n");
278 vector<FuShu> vBItr = FFT_Iter(vA,2);
279 Print(vBItr);
280
281 printf("diff: %g\n", fabs(vB - vBItr));
282 assert( fabs(vB - vBItr)<1e-1);
283 }
284#if 0
285 for(unsigned int i=0; i<8; i++)
286 printf("%d ", rev(i,3));
287#endif
288}
2#include <math.h>
3#include <assert.h>
4//#include <windows.h>
5
6using namespace std;
7
8//************************************/
9// Fushu
10/**************************************/
11class FuShu
12{
13 public:
14 FuShu(double r=0, double i=0): x(r), y(i)
15 {
16 }
17
18 FuShu & operator+= (FuShu const &rhs)
19 {
20 x += rhs.x;
21 y += rhs.y;
22 return *this;
23 }
24
25 FuShu & operator-= (FuShu const &rhs)
26 {
27 x -= rhs.x;
28 y -= rhs.y;
29 return *this;
30 }
31
32 FuShu & operator*= (FuShu const &rhs)
33 {
34 double x2 = x * rhs.x - y * rhs.y;
35 double y2 = x * rhs.y + y * rhs.x;
36 x=x2;
37 y=y2;
38 return *this;
39 }
40
41 //private:
42 double x,y;
43};
44
45FuShu operator+ (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
46{
47 FuShu res = lhs;
48 return res+=rhs;
49}
50
51FuShu operator- (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
52{
53 FuShu res = lhs;
54 return res-=rhs;
55}
56
57FuShu operator* (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
58{
59 FuShu res = lhs;
60 return res*=rhs;
61}
62
63double fabs(FuShu const & lhs)
64{
65 return fabs(lhs.x) + fabs(lhs.y);
66}
67// bool operator== (FuShu const & lhs, FuShu const & rhs)
68// {
69 // return lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y;
70// }
71
72void Print(FuShu const & lhs)
73{
74 if(lhs.y>=0)
75 printf("%g+%gj ", lhs.x, lhs.y);
76 else
77 printf("%g%gj ", lhs.x, lhs.y);
78}
79
80void Print(vector <FuShu> const & lhs)
81{
82 size_t n=lhs.size();
83 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
84 Print(lhs[i]);
85 printf("\n");
86}
87
88
89//************************************/
90// vector
91/**************************************/
92
93template <typename T>
94vector <T> operator+ (vector <T> const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
95{
96 assert(lhs.size() == rhs.size());
97 vector <T> res;
98 size_t n = lhs.size();
99 res.resize(n);
100 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
101 res[i] = lhs[i] + rhs[i];
102 return res;
103}
104
105template <typename T>
106vector <T> operator- (vector <T> const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
107{
108 assert(lhs.size() == rhs.size());
109 vector <T> res;
110 size_t n = lhs.size();
111 res.resize(n);
112 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
113 res[i] = lhs[i] - rhs[i];
114 return res;
115}
116
117
118template <typename T>
119vector <T> operator* (FuShu const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
120{
121 vector <T> res;
122 size_t n = rhs.size();
123 res.resize(n);
124 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
125 res[i] = lhs[i] * rhs[i];
126 return res;
127}
128
129template <typename T>
130double fabs(vector <T> const & lhs)
131{
132 double res(0);
133 size_t n=lhs.size();
134
135 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
136 res += fabs(lhs[i]);
137 return res;
138}
139// template <typename T>
140// bool operator== (FuShu const & lhs, vector <T> const & rhs)
141// {
142 // size_t n = lhs.size();
143 // if(n != rhs.size())
144 // return false;
145
146 // for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
147 // if(lhs[i] != rhs[i])
148 // return false;
149
150 // return true;
151// }
152
153template <typename T>
154vector <T> & operator<<(vector <T> & lhs, T const &rhs)
155{
156 lhs.push_back(rhs);
157 return lhs;
158}
159
160/***************************************************/
161// FFT
162/***************************************************/
163vector<FuShu> DFT(vector<FuShu> const &a)
164{
165 size_t n=a.size();
166 if(n==1) return a;
167
168 vector<FuShu> res(n);
169 for(size_t k=0; k<n; k++)
170 {
171 FuShu wnk(cos(6.28*k/n), sin(6.28*k/n));
172 FuShu w = 1;
173 for(size_t j=0; j<n; ++j, w*=wnk)
174 res[k] += a[j] * w;
175 }
176
177 return res;
178}
179
180vector<FuShu> FFT_recursive(vector<FuShu> const &a)
181{
182 size_t n=a.size();
183 if(n==1) return a;
184
185 FuShu wn(cos(6.28/n), sin(6.28/n));
186 FuShu w(1);
187 vector<FuShu> a0, a1;
188 a0.reserve(n/2);
189 a1.reserve(n/2);
190 for(size_t i=0; i<n/2; i++)
191 {
192 a0.push_back(a[i*2]);
193 a1.push_back(a[i*2+1]);
194 }
195
196 vector<FuShu> y0 = FFT_recursive(a0);
197 vector<FuShu> y1 = FFT_recursive(a1);
198
199 vector<FuShu> vy;
200 vy.resize(n);
201 for(size_t k=0; k<n/2; k++)
202 {
203 vy[k] = y0[k] + w * y1[k];
204 vy[k + n/2] = y0[k] - w * y1[k];
205 w = w*wn;
206 }
207
208 return vy;
209}
210
211unsigned int rev(unsigned int num, unsigned int nBits)
212{
213 unsigned int r = 0;
214 for(unsigned int i=0; i<nBits; i++)
215 {
216 if(num&(1<<i))
217 r |= 1<<(nBits-i-1);
218 }
219
220 return r;
221}
222
223vector<FuShu> FFT_Iter(vector<FuShu> const &a, unsigned int nBits)
224{
225 size_t n=a.size();
226 if(n==1) return a;
227
228 vector<FuShu> A;
229 A.reserve(n);
230 for(size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
231 A<<a[rev(i,nBits)];
232
233 size_t m=2;
234 for(size_t s=0; s<nBits; s++, m*=2)
235 {
236 FuShu wm(cos(6.28/m), sin(6.28/m));
237 for(size_t k=0; k<n; k+=m)
238 {
239 FuShu w=1;
240 for(size_t j=0; j<m/2; j++, w*=wm)
241 {
242 FuShu t = w * A[k+j+m/2];
243 FuShu u = A[k+j];
244 A[k+j] = u+t;
245 A[k+j+m/2] = u-t;
246 }
247 }
248 }
249
250 return A;
251}
252
253/***************************************************/
254// Main
255/***************************************************/
256
257void main()
258{
259
260 srand(clock());
261 for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
262 {
263 FuShu a(rand(),rand()), b(rand(),rand());
264
265 vector<FuShu> vA;
266 vA<<a <<b<<a <<b;
267
268 printf("input:\n");
269 Print(vA);
270 printf("FFT_recursive result:\n");
271 vector<FuShu> vB = FFT_recursive(vA);
272 Print(vB);
273 printf("DFT result:\n");
274 vector<FuShu> vBDft = DFT(vA);
275 Print(vBDft);
276
277 printf("FFT_Iter result:\n");
278 vector<FuShu> vBItr = FFT_Iter(vA,2);
279 Print(vBItr);
280
281 printf("diff: %g\n", fabs(vB - vBItr));
282 assert( fabs(vB - vBItr)<1e-1);
283 }
284#if 0
285 for(unsigned int i=0; i<8; i++)
286 printf("%d ", rev(i,3));
287#endif
288}