自动更新程序的制作方法

利用Microsoft的Application Blocks可以很简单地让程序可以自动更新。其基本原理是：利用Application Blocks软件包里面的一个.exe文件，（不妨命名为App.exe）作为长期运行的程序，这个程序不是真正的主体程序，而是会指向各个版本的程序，假如原来版本是1.0.0.0.exe，后来的版本是1.0.0.1.exe，那么运行App.exe时，它就先后指向这两个不同版本的exe。下面说说具体步骤：

1. 安装Application Blocks

记下安装路径，因为要用到里面的工程文件和dll等

2. 在项目中加入代码和引用：

把下列工程加入到你的工程所在的解决方案:

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.Interfaces

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement.Interfaces

如果你选择默认安装的话，它们的位置可能是： C:\Program Files\Microsoft ApplicationBlocksfor .NET\Updater\Code\CS\Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.Updater

（建议：把它们拷贝过来，放在同一个文件夹中，否则的话换了一台机器，或者改了路径的话就找不回这些工程了）

在你的工程中（这里为 YourAppName）引用下列工程

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.Interfaces

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement.Interfaces

把下列命名空间加入到你Form的.cs文件中

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Runtime.Serialization;

using System.Threading;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.IO;

using System.Xml;

特别提出关于引用的问题：

在项目YourAppName中（自己原先写代码的那个项目）要引用下列文件：

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.dll

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.Interfaces .dll

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement.dll

Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement.Interfaces .dll

3. 把附录中的代码添加到你原来就有的的工程文件中去，这段代码是处理更新操作所用到的。在需要更新的时候调用函数InitializeAutoUpdate()即可。

4. 生成你应用程序的发布目录结构并配置 AppStart.exe

生成一个用于客户端程序安装的目录. 本例子中，我们用如下的目录：

C:\Program Files\YourApp\1.0.0.0\

现在复制 AppStart.exe 和 AppStart.exe.config 到类似如下的根目录中

C:\Program Files\YourApp\AppStart.exe

C:\Program Files\YourApp\AppStart.exe.config

说明: 这两个文件你可以在如下目录中找到 “C:\Program Files\Microsoft Application Blocks for .NET\Updater\Code\CS\Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.Updater\AppStart\bin\Debug“

5. 修改 AppStart.exe.config 文件

AppStart.exe 会启动你的应用程序，如果更新文件下载完成之后还有可能要重启. 它需要知道启动你最新的程序的目录位置.

修改配置文件以配合当前的版本:

<appFolderName>C:\Program Files\YourApp\1.0.0.0</appFolderName>

<appExeName>YourAppName.exe</appExeName>

</ClientApplicationInfo>

</appStart>

appFolderName 存放当前版本的exe所在的文件夹

appExeName是运行的exe的文件名

installedVersion是当前版本号

lastUpdated是最新更新的时间

更新成功以后这几个项都会自动更改

6. 生成你的公钥和私钥

运行

"C:\ProgramFiles\MicrosoftApplicationBlocksfor .NET\Updater\Code\CS\Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.Updater\ManifestUtility\bin\Debug\ManifestUtility.exe" 这个exe可能在软件包中会不存在，但是仍然可以在上述路径找到它的源文件，用C#.net编译运行即可。

选择 “File..Generate Keys” 会提示你是否需要保存: PublicKey.xml 和 PrivateKey.xml 这两个密钥接下来就会用到.

这些密钥只要生成一次就可以了, 因为下面几个地方需要引用到RSA公钥和私钥. 你需要把这些密钥存放在一个安全的地方，因为在发布一个新的更新的时候会用到它。

7. 创建IIS 虚拟目录

在你的Web服务器上生成一个目录来存放你的更新文件. 在这两个目录中要放两样东西 1) ServerManifest.xml 文件，包含最后版本的一些信息；2) 你的新程序的目录. 在这个目录里，生成一个目录来存放你的新版本程序. 在我们的例子中，我们用这两个目录, C:\Inetpub\AppUpdates 和C:\Inetpub\AppUpdates\1.0.0.1

用 IIS 管理器生成一个虚拟目录指向刚才的实际目录. 记下你的 URL, 在上传步骤中我们需要用到它. 你必须要打开虚拟目录的“目录浏览”选项.

ServerManifest.xml的生成要参考第11步，注意：这是最容易出错的地方了！

8. 配置你的版本 1.0.0.0 的App.config 文件

这里，我们会需要往里添加一些新东西. 首先, 我们需要加入一个configSections 元素来定义我们的 appUpdater 节:

</configSections>

接下来，我们需要添加一个 Version 键到我们的 appsettings 中, 我们首先设置我们的本地版本为 1.0.0.0, 这样我们就可以测试自动更新到版本 1.0.0.1

</appSettings>

最后，, 加入 appUpdater 节到你的配置文件中. 我这里用一对方括号把你要修改的值包含起来. 你可以直接从你上一步生成的 PublicKey.xml文件中复制 <RSAKeyValue> 元素.

<xmlFile> 元素必须要指向你在Step #6创建的虚拟目录的 URL .

<downloader type="Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.Downloaders.BITSDownloader"

assembly="Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater,Version=1.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=null"/>

<key>

<Modulus>[YOUR MODULUS KEY]</Modulus>

<Exponent>[YOUR EXPONENET]</Exponent>

</RSAKeyValue>

</key>

</validator>

<baseDir>C:\Program Files\YourApp</baseDir>

<xmlFile>C:\Program Files\YourApp\AppStart.exe.config</xmlFile>

<tempDir>C:\Program Files\YourApp\temp</tempDir>

</client>

<xmlFile>http://[YOUR URL]/ServerManifest.xml</xmlFile>

<xmlFileDest>C:\Program Files\YourApp\ServerManifest.xml</xmlFileDest>

</server>

</application>

</UpdaterConfiguration>

</appUpdater>

需要修改的地方只有[ ]括住的地方，

<Modulus>[YOUR MODULUS KEY]</Modulus> 和

<Exponent>[YOUR EXPONENET]</Exponent> 可以在PublicKey.xml中找到

[YOUR URL ]就是ServerManifest.xml的URL地址

<xmlFileDest>C:\Program Files\YourApp\ServerManifest.xml</xmlFileDest>中的路径就是更新成功后生成的ServerManifest.xml的路径

9. 发布版本 1.0.0.0

设置应用程序版本号. 可以通过设置在 AssemblyInfo.cs 文件中的版本属性来设置版本号.

[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]

编译应用程序并复制 1.0.0.0 版程序到你程序的 1.0.0.0 目录中. “C:\Program Files\YourApp\1.0.0.0“

这里，你需要运行一下 AppStart.exe. 更新过程会失败，因为我们并没有把发布 ServerManifest XML 文件来指示应用程序新版本是否可用. 你可以检查日志文件，位置在 C:\Program Files\YourApp\ 目录中.

10. 构建版本 1.0.0.1

首先, 通过更新应用程序的 AssemblyInfo.cs 和 App.config 文件内容来生成修订版本 1.0.0.1 . 编译程序, 然后复制文件到step 7生成的Web服务器目录中.

这里需要改动的地方很少。只要在AssemblyInfo.cs中修改[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.1")]

在App.config中修改<add key="VERSION" value="1.0.0.1" />

11. 生成服务器的清单文件

这个是最后一步. 如果你对本步骤中的.config文件作了任何修改的话，都必须把本步骤重来一遍. 做法如下:

再次运行 ManifestUtility 程序.

在 “Update files folder“ 选择器中选择 1.0.0.1 目录 .

输入更新位置的 URL . （这个是最容易出错的地方，不要漏掉/1.0.0.1）

输入新版本号 1.0.0.1

打开之前生成的 PrivateKey.xml 文件.

选择验证类 “Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ApplicationUpdater.Validators.RSAValidator”

鼠标点击 CreateManifest, 并保存 ServerManifest.xml 文件到你的虚拟服务器目录中. 它默认的文件名是Manifest.xml，要把它改过来的。

从你的 C:\Program Files\YourApp\ 目录中运行你的 AppStart.exe . 你的程序就会被装入, 当你的程序运行的时候，你就会得到一个提示 “新版本可用” . 新版本会下载到目录 C:\Program Files\YourApp\1.0.0.1 中, 然后程序会自动重启. 如果有任何问题, 记得检查一下日志文件. 这些日志在诊断问题的时候会很有用的.

细节方面：

1. 除了使用BITS（background intellectual transmission service ）方式传送之外还可以使用FTP方式传送。

2. 假如在服务器端只需要放要更新的控件和可执行文件（*.exe），配置文件（*.exe.config）就行了。不需要把所有的文件都放进去，如果成功执行的话，程序会先把原先版本的所有文件复制到新版本的文件夹里面，并且会自动更新新的控件。

附录：

private ApplicationUpdateManager _updater = null;

private Thread _updaterThread = null;

private const int UPDATERTHREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT = 3 * 1000;

private delegate void MarshalEventDelegate( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e );

private void InitializeAutoUpdate()

{

try

{

// hook ProcessExit for a chance to clean up when closed peremptorily

AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ProcessExit +=new EventHandler(CurrentDomain_ProcessExit);

// make an Updater for use in-process with us

_updater = new ApplicationUpdateManager();

// hook Updater events

_updater.DownloadStarted +=new UpdaterActionEventHandler( OnUpdaterDownloadStarted );

_updater.FilesValidated +=new UpdaterActionEventHandler( OnUpdaterFilesValidated );

_updater.UpdateAvailable +=new UpdaterActionEventHandler( OnUpdaterUpdateAvailable );

_updater.DownloadCompleted +=new UpdaterActionEventHandler(OnUpdaterDownloadCompleted);

// start the updater on a separate thread so that our UI remains responsive

_updaterThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart( _updater.StartUpdater ) );

_updaterThread.Start();

}

catch (Exception ex)

{MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);}

// get version from config, set caption correctly

string version = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["version"];

this.Text = this.Text + String.Format(" v. {0}", version);

}

private void CurrentDomain_ProcessExit(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

StopUpdater();

}

private void StopUpdater()

{

// tell updater to stop

_updater.StopUpdater();

if( null != _updaterThread )

{

// join the updater thread with a suitable timeout

bool isThreadJoined = _updaterThread.Join( UPDATERTHREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT );

// check if we joined, if we didn't interrupt the thread

if( !isThreadJoined )

{

_updaterThread.Interrupt();

}

_updaterThread = null;

}

/**//// <summary>

/// This handler gets fired by the Windows UI thread that is the main STA thread for THIS FORM. It takes the same

/// arguments as the event handler below it--sender, e--and acts on them using the main thread NOT the eventing thread

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">marshalled reference to the original event's sender argument</param>

/// <param name="e">marshalled reference to the original event's args</param>

private void OnUpdaterDownloadStartedHandler( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

Debug.WriteLine("Thread: " + Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString());

Debug.WriteLine(String.Format( " DownloadStarted for application '{0}'", e.ApplicationName ));

}

/**//// <summary>

/// Event handler for Updater event. This event is fired by the originating thread from "inside" the Updater. While it is

/// possible for this same thread to act on our UI, it is NOT a good thing to do--UI is not threadsafe.

/// Therefore here we marshal from the Eventing thread (belongs to Updater) to our window thread using the synchronous Invoke

/// mechanism.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">event sender in this case ApplicationUpdaterManager</param>

/// <param name="e">the UpdaterActionEventArgs packaged by Updater, which gives us access to update information</param>

private void OnUpdaterDownloadStarted( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

// using the synchronous "Invoke". This marshals from the eventing thread--which comes from the Updater and should not

// be allowed to enter and "touch" the UI's window thread

// so we use Invoke which allows us to block the Updater thread at will while only allowing window thread to update UI

Debug.WriteLine( String.Format( "[OnUpdaterDownloadStarted]Thread: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString()) );

this.Invoke(

new MarshalEventDelegate( this.OnUpdaterDownloadStartedHandler ),

new object[] { sender, e } );

}

/**//// <summary>

/// This handler gets fired by the Windows UI thread that is the main STA thread for THIS FORM. It takes the same

/// arguments as the event handler below it--sender, e--and acts on them using the main thread NOT the eventing thread

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">marshalled reference to the original event's sender argument</param>

/// <param name="e">marshalled reference to the original event's args</param>

private void OnUpdaterFilesValidatedHandler( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("FilesValidated successfully for application '{0}' ", e.ApplicationName));

//hzh

GetPath(e.ServerInformation);

// ask user to use new app

// DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show(

// "Would you like to stop this application and open the new version?", "Open New Version?", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );

DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show(

"你想立即停用当前应用程序并运行新版本程序吗？", "运行新版本程序？", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );

if( DialogResult.Yes == dialog )

{

StartNewVersion( e.ServerInformation );

}

/**//// <summary>

/// Event handler for Updater event. This event is fired by the originating thread from "inside" the Updater. While it is

/// possible for this same thread to act on our UI, it is NOT a good thing to do--UI is not threadsafe.

/// Therefore here we marshal from the Eventing thread (belongs to Updater) to our window thread using the synchronous Invoke

/// mechanism.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">event sender in this case ApplicationUpdaterManager</param>

/// <param name="e">the UpdaterActionEventArgs packaged by Updater, which gives us access to update information</param>

private void OnUpdaterFilesValidated( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

// using the asynchronous "BeginInvoke".

// we don't need/want to block here

this.BeginInvoke(

new MarshalEventDelegate( this.OnUpdaterFilesValidatedHandler ),

new object[] { sender, e } );

}

/**//// <summary>

/// This handler gets fired by the Windows UI thread that is the main STA thread for THIS FORM. It takes the same

/// arguments as the event handler below it--sender, e--and acts on them using the main thread NOT the eventing thread

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">marshalled reference to the original event's sender argument</param>

/// <param name="e">marshalled reference to the original event's args</param>

private void OnUpdaterUpdateAvailableHandler( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

Debug.WriteLine("Thread: " + Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString());

// string message = String.Format(

// "Update available: The new version on the server is {0} and current version is {1} would you like to upgrade?",

// e.ServerInformation.AvailableVersion,

// System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["version"] ) ;

string message = String.Format(

"升级提示：服务器上最新的版本是 {0} ，你当前使用的版本是 {1} 。你希望进行升级吗？",

e.ServerInformation.AvailableVersion,

System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["version"] ) ;

// for update available we actually WANT to block the downloading thread so we can refuse an update

// and reset until next polling cycle;

// NOTE that we don't block the thread _in the UI_, we have it blocked at the marshalling dispatcher "OnUpdaterUpdateAvailable"

// DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show( message, "Update Available", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );

DialogResult dialog = MessageBox.Show( message, "升级提示", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );

if( DialogResult.No == dialog )

{

// if no, stop the updater for this app

_updater.StopUpdater( e.ApplicationName );

Debug.WriteLine("Update Cancelled.");

}

else

{

Debug.WriteLine("Update in progress.");

}

/**//// <summary>

/// Event handler for Updater event. This event is fired by the originating thread from "inside" the Updater. While it is

/// possible for this same thread to act on our UI, it is NOT a good thing to do--UI is not threadsafe.

/// Therefore here we marshal from the Eventing thread (belongs to Updater) to our window thread using the synchronous Invoke

/// mechanism.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">event sender in this case ApplicationUpdaterManager</param>

/// <param name="e">the UpdaterActionEventArgs packaged by Updater, which gives us access to update information</param>

private void OnUpdaterUpdateAvailable( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

// using the synchronous "Invoke". This marshals from the eventing thread--which comes from the Updater and should not

// be allowed to enter and "touch" the UI's window thread

// so we use Invoke which allows us to block the Updater thread at will while only allowing window thread to update UI

this.Invoke(

new MarshalEventDelegate( this.OnUpdaterUpdateAvailableHandler ),

new object[] { sender, e } );

}

/**//// <summary>

/// This handler gets fired by the Windows UI thread that is the main STA thread for THIS FORM. It takes the same

/// arguments as the event handler below it--sender, e--and acts on them using the main thread NOT the eventing thread

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">marshalled reference to the original event's sender argument</param>

/// <param name="e">marshalled reference to the original event's args</param>

private void OnUpdaterDownloadCompletedHandler( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

// GetPath(e.ServerInformation);

Debug.WriteLine("Download Completed.");

}

/**//// <summary>

/// Event handler for Updater event. This event is fired by the originating thread from "inside" the Updater. While it is

/// possible for this same thread to act on our UI, it is NOT a good thing to do--UI is not threadsafe.

/// Therefore here we marshal from the Eventing thread (belongs to Updater) to our window thread using the synchronous Invoke

/// mechanism.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="sender">event sender in this case ApplicationUpdaterManager</param>

/// <param name="e">the UpdaterActionEventArgs packaged by Updater, which gives us access to update information</param>

private void OnUpdaterDownloadCompleted( object sender, UpdaterActionEventArgs e )

{

// using the synchronous "Invoke". This marshals from the eventing thread--which comes from the Updater and should not

// be allowed to enter and "touch" the UI's window thread

// so we use Invoke which allows us to block the Updater thread at will while only allowing window thread to update UI

this.Invoke(

new MarshalEventDelegate( this.OnUpdaterDownloadCompletedHandler ),

new object[] { sender, e } );

}

private void StartNewVersion( ServerApplicationInfo server )

{

XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();

// load config file to get base dir

doc.Load( AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile );

// get the base dir

string baseDir = doc.SelectSingleNode("configuration/appUpdater/UpdaterConfiguration/application/client/baseDir").InnerText;

string newDir = Path.Combine( baseDir, "AppStart.exe" );

MessageBox.Show(newDir);

ProcessStartInfo process = new ProcessStartInfo( newDir );

process.WorkingDirectory = Path.Combine( newDir , server.AvailableVersion );

// launch new version (actually, launch AppStart.exe which HAS pointer to new version )

Process.Start( process );

// tell updater to stop

CurrentDomain_ProcessExit( null, null );

// leave this app

Environment.Exit( 0 );

}

//hzh

private static void CopyDirRecurse( string sourcePath, string destinationPath )

{

// get dir info which may be file or dir info object

DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo( sourcePath );

foreach( FileSystemInfo fsi in dirInfo.GetFileSystemInfos() )

{

if ( fsi is FileInfo )

{

// if file object just copy

if (File.Exists(destinationPath +@"\"+ fsi.Name)==false)

{

File.Copy( fsi.FullName,destinationPath+@"\" + fsi.Name,false);

}

else

{

// must be a directory, create destination sub-folder and recurse to copy files

if (Directory.Exists(destinationPath +@"\"+ fsi.Name)==false)

{

Directory.CreateDirectory( destinationPath +@"\"+ fsi.Name );

}

CopyDirRecurse( fsi.FullName, destinationPath+@"\" + fsi.Name );

}

//hzh

private void GetPath( ServerApplicationInfo server )

{

XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();

// load config file to get base dir

doc.Load( AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ConfigurationFile );

// get the base dir

string baseDir = doc.SelectSingleNode("configuration/appUpdater/UpdaterConfiguration/application/client/baseDir").InnerText;

string sourcePath=baseDir+@"\"+System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["version"] ;

string destinationPath= baseDir+@"\"+server.AvailableVersion;

// 将旧版本的文件复制到新版本文件夹里

CopyDirRecurse(sourcePath,destinationPath);

}