SpringBoot自动配置原理

1、自动配置原理

配置文件能参照的属性文件

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.8.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties

   1)SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能@EnableAutoConfiguration

   2）@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用

       1、利用AutoConfigurationImportSelector导入一些组件

        2、可以查看selectImports()方法里面的内容

@Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        }
　　　　//获取候选的配置
        AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
                .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
        AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
                attributes);
        configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
        Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
        fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
    }

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
      AnnotationAttributes attributes) {

/**
 * 扫描所有jar包类路径下  META‐INF/spring.factories
 * 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
 * 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器
 * 中
 */

   List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
         getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
   Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
         "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
               + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
   return configurations;
}

 将 类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中；

# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.core.ReactorCoreAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityRequestMatcherProviderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

# Failure analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer

# Template availability providers
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中；用他们来做自动配置；
3）、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能；
4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例解释自动配置原理；

@Configuration //表示一个配置类，以前的编写的配置文件一样，也可以给容器添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties({HttpEncodingProperties.class})//启动指定类
ConfigurationProperties功能:将配置文件对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来，并把
HttpEncodingProperties注入到ioc容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(//Spring底层@Conditional注解（Spring注解版），根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效； 判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效 
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})判断当前项目有没有这个类
    CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器

@ConditionalOnProperty(//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的
//即使我们配置文件中不配置spring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的； 

    prefix = "spring.http.encoding",
    value = {"enabled"},
    matchIfMissing = true
)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
     //他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了 

private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
     //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿 

public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Bean//给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取 
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean//判断容器没有这个组件？ 
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpEncodingProperties.Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpEncodingProperties.Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }

    @Bean
    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration.LocaleCharsetMappingsCustomizer localeCharsetMappingsCustomizer() {
        return new HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration.LocaleCharsetMappingsCustomizer(this.properties);
    }

    private static class LocaleCharsetMappingsCustomizer implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory>, Ordered {
        private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;

        LocaleCharsetMappingsCustomizer(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
            this.properties = properties;
        }

        public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory factory) {
            if (this.properties.getMapping() != null) {
                factory.setLocaleCharsetMappings(this.properties.getMapping());
            }

        }

        public int getOrder() {
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效？
一但这个配置类生效；这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件；这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的；

所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者‘；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类 

@ConfigurationProperties(//从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定 
    prefix = "spring.http.encoding"
)
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
    public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET;

static {
    DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
}

精髓：
1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类
2）、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；
3）、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）
4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值； 

总结:

xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自动配置类；

给容器中添加组件

xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性； 

 2、细节

@Conditional派生注解（Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用）
作用：必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立，才给容器中添加组件，配置配里面的所有内容才生效；

自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效；
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效；
我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性；来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效；

3、自定义一个starter

1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么？

2、如何编写自动配置

@Configuration  //指定这个类是一个配置类
@ConditionalOnXXX  //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效
@AutoConfigureAfter  //指定自动配置类的顺序
@Bean  //给容器中添加组件
@ConfigurationPropertie结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中
自动配置类要能加载
将需要启动就加载的自动配置类，配置在META‐INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,

启动器只用来做依赖导入；

专门来写一个自动配置模块；

启动器依赖自动配置；别人只需要引入启动器（starter）

mybatis-spring-boot-starter；自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter

步骤:

      1、自动配置模块

          pom依赖

   <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    　属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.hello")
public class HelloProperties {
    private String prefix;
    private String suffix;
}

引用类

public class HelloService {


    private HelloProperties helloProperties;

    public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
        return helloProperties;
    }

    public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
        this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
    }

    public String sayHellStarter(String name){
        return  helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-"+name+"-"+helloProperties.getSuffix();
    }
}

自动 配置类

@Configuration//配置这个类才生效
@ConditionalOnWebApplication//web应用才生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloAutoConfig {

    @Autowired
    private  HelloProperties helloProperties;

    @Bean
    public HelloService helloService(){
        HelloService helloService = new HelloService();
        helloService.setHelloProperties(helloProperties);
        return helloService;
    }
}

创建一个META-INF/spring.factories 文件

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
 com.yehui.HelloAutoConfig

 2、启动模块

pom文件

<!--启动器-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <!--引入自动配置模块-->
            <groupId>com.yehui</groupId>
            <artifactId>springboot-config-autoconfig</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3、测试模块

pom文件

<!--测试模块-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <!--启动器-->
            <groupId>com.yehui</groupId>
            <artifactId>mystudy-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

 controller类

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    private HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return helloService.sayHellStarter("1323");
    }
}

 properties文件

spring.hello.prefix=prefix
spring.hello.suffix=suffix

启动启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class StarterMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StarterMain.class);
    }
}