TinyXML是一个非常小巧简单的XML解析库,采用DOM方式来解析XML文件。不足的是它本身不支持DTD和XSL,但普通简单的XML使用需求还是可以满足了。
TinyXML由2个头文件四个CPP文件构成。继承结构如下:
要操作XML首先需要加载XML,很简单:
- TiXmlDocument doc( "demo.xml" );
- doc.LoadFile();
一个更加真实的用例如下所示,加载一个XML文件然后显示内容到标准输出上。
- // load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
- void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
- {
- TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
- bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
- if (loadOkay)
- {
- printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename);
- dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later
- }
- else
- {
- printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename);
- }
写个简单的Main函数
- int main(void)
- {
- dump_to_stdout("example1.xml");
- return 0;
- }
读下面的文件
- <?xml version="1.0" ?>
- <Hello>World</Hello>
输出如下
- DECLARATION
- + ELEMENT Hello
- + TEXT[World]
dump_to_stdout递归遍历输出所有的XML内容,详细实现在本文的末尾。
TinyXML同样可以简单的编程生成一个上面的XML:
- void build_simple_doc( )
- {
- // Make xml: <?xml ..><Hello>World</Hello>
- TiXmlDocument doc;
- TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
- TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" );
- TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" );
- element->LinkEndChild( text );
- doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
- doc.LinkEndChild( element );
- doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand.xml" );
- }
与其等价的写法:
- void write_simple_doc2( )
- {
- // same as write_simple_doc1 but add each node
- // as early as possible into the tree.
- TiXmlDocument doc;
- TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
- doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
- TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" );
- doc.LinkEndChild( element );
- TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" );
- element->LinkEndChild( text );
- doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand2.xml" );
- }
给定一个节点,设置它的属性也很简单:
- window = new TiXmlElement( "Demo" );
- window->SetAttribute("name", "Circle");
- window->SetAttribute("x", 5);
- window->SetAttribute("y", 15);
- window->SetDoubleAttribute("radius", 3.14159);
可以用下面的函数获得元素的所有属性:
- // print all attributes of pElement.
- // returns the number of attributes printed
- int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
- {
- if ( !pElement ) return 0;
- TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
- int i=0;
- int ival;
- double dval;
- const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
- printf("\n");
- while (pAttrib)
- {
- printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
- if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival);
- if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
- printf( "\n" );
- i++;
- pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
- }
- return i;
- }
我们经常通过配置文件来保存程序的一些配置信息。下面给一个实例来用XML加载和保存C++对象。
- #include <string>
- #include <map>
- using namespace std;
- typedef std::map<std::string,std::string> MessageMap;
- // a basic window abstraction - demo purposes only
- class WindowSettings
- {
- public:
- int x,y,w,h;
- string name;
- WindowSettings()
- : x(0), y(0), w(100), h(100), name("Untitled")
- {
- }
- WindowSettings(int x, int y, int w, int h, const string& name)
- {
- this->x=x;
- this->y=y;
- this->w=w;
- this->h=h;
- this->name=name;
- }
- };
- class ConnectionSettings
- {
- public:
- string ip;
- double timeout;
- };
- class AppSettings
- {
- public:
- string m_name;
- MessageMap m_messages;
- list<WindowSettings> m_windows;
- ConnectionSettings m_connection;
- AppSettings() {}
- void save(const char* pFilename);
- void load(const char* pFilename);
- // just to show how to do it
- void setDemoValues()
- {
- m_name="MyApp";
- m_messages.clear();
- m_messages["Welcome"]="Welcome to "+m_name;
- m_messages["Farewell"]="Thank you for using "+m_name;
- m_windows.clear();
- m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,15,400,250,"Main"));
- m_connection.ip="Unknown";
- m_connection.timeout=123.456;
- }
- };
类AppSettings提供了保存和加载配置信息的函数save和load。如下代码表示利用缺省的配置保存和加载:
- int main(void)
- {
- AppSettings settings;
- settings.save("appsettings2.xml");
- settings.load("appsettings2.xml");
- return 0;
- }
同样的我们可以运行时修改配置:
- int main(void)
- {
- // block: customise and save settings
- {
- AppSettings settings;
- settings.m_name="HitchHikerApp";
- settings.m_messages["Welcome"]="Don't Panic";
- settings.m_messages["Farewell"]="Thanks for all the fish";
- settings.m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,25,300,250,"BookFrame"));
- settings.m_connection.ip="192.168.0.77";
- settings.m_connection.timeout=42.0;
- settings.save("appsettings2.xml");
- }
- // block: load settings
- {
- AppSettings settings;
- settings.load("appsettings2.xml");
- printf("%s: %s\n", settings.m_name.c_str(),
- settings.m_messages["Welcome"].c_str());
- WindowSettings & w=settings.m_windows.front();
- printf("%s: Show window '%s' at %d,%d (%d x %d)\n",
- settings.m_name.c_str(), w.name.c_str(), w.x, w.y, w.w, w.h);
- printf("%s: %s\n", settings.m_name.c_str(), settings.m_messages["Farewell"].c_str());
- }
- return 0;
- }
有很多方法可以保存对象的属性信息,也就是对象的状态信息。下面的实例展示如何将对象的状态编码进XML文件。
- void AppSettings::save(const char* pFilename)
- {
- TiXmlDocument doc;
- TiXmlElement* msg;
- TiXmlComment * comment;
- string s;
- TiXmlDeclaration* decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
- doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
- TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement(m_name.c_str());
- doc.LinkEndChild( root );
- comment = new TiXmlComment();
- s=" Settings for "+m_name+" ";
- comment->SetValue(s.c_str());
- root->LinkEndChild( comment );
- // block: messages
- {
- MessageMap::iterator iter;
- TiXmlElement * msgs = new TiXmlElement( "Messages" );
- root->LinkEndChild( msgs );
- for (iter=m_messages.begin(); iter != m_messages.end(); iter++)
- {
- const string & key=(*iter).first;
- const string & value=(*iter).second;
- msg = new TiXmlElement(key.c_str());
- msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText(value.c_str()));
- msgs->LinkEndChild( msg );
- }
- }
- // block: windows
- {
- TiXmlElement * windowsNode = new TiXmlElement( "Windows" );
- root->LinkEndChild( windowsNode );
- list<WindowSettings>::iterator iter;
- for (iter=m_windows.begin(); iter != m_windows.end(); iter++)
- {
- const WindowSettings& w=*iter;
- TiXmlElement * window;
- window = new TiXmlElement( "Window" );
- windowsNode->LinkEndChild( window );
- window->SetAttribute("name", w.name.c_str());
- window->SetAttribute("x", w.x);
- window->SetAttribute("y", w.y);
- window->SetAttribute("w", w.w);
- window->SetAttribute("h", w.h);
- }
- }
- // block: connection
- {
- TiXmlElement * cxn = new TiXmlElement( "Connection" );
- root->LinkEndChild( cxn );
- cxn->SetAttribute("ip", m_connection.ip.c_str());
- cxn->SetDoubleAttribute("timeout", m_connection.timeout);
- }
- doc.SaveFile(pFilename);
- }
下面的示例展示如何从XML文件中获得对象的状态信息:
- void AppSettings::load(const char* pFilename)
- {
- TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
- if (!doc.LoadFile()) return;
- TiXmlHandle hDoc(&doc);
- TiXmlElement* pElem;
- TiXmlHandle hRoot(0);
- // block: name
- {
- pElem=hDoc.FirstChildElement().Element();
- // should always have a valid root but handle gracefully if it does
- if (!pElem) return;
- m_name=pElem->Value();
- // save this for later
- hRoot=TiXmlHandle(pElem);
- }
- // block: string table
- {
- m_messages.clear(); // trash existing table
- pElem=hRoot.FirstChild( "Messages" ).FirstChild().Element();
- for( pElem; pElem; pElem=pElem->NextSiblingElement())
- {
- const char *pKey=pElem->Value();
- const char *pText=pElem->GetText();
- if (pKey && pText)
- {
- m_messages[pKey]=pText;
- }
- }
- }
- // block: windows
- {
- m_windows.clear(); // trash existing list
- TiXmlElement* pWindowNode=hRoot.FirstChild( "Windows" ).FirstChild().Element();
- for( pWindowNode; pWindowNode; pWindowNode=pWindowNode->NextSiblingElement())
- {
- WindowSettings w;
- const char *pName=pWindowNode->Attribute("name");
- if (pName) w.name=pName;
- pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("x", &w.x); // If this fails, original value is left as-is
- pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("y", &w.y);
- pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("w", &w.w);
- pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("hh", &w.h);
- m_windows.push_back(w);
- }
- }
- // block: connection
- {
- pElem=hRoot.FirstChild("Connection").Element();
- if (pElem)
- {
- m_connection.ip=pElem->Attribute("ip");
- pElem->QueryDoubleAttribute("timeout",&m_connection.timeout);
- }
- }
- }
函数dump_to_stdout如下:
- #include "stdafx.h"
- #include "tinyxml.h"
- // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // STDOUT dump and indenting utility functions
- // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- const unsigned int NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE=2;
- const char * getIndent( unsigned int numIndents )
- {
- static const char * pINDENT=" + ";
- static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
- unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
- if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
- return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
- }
- // same as getIndent but no "+" at the end
- const char * getIndentAlt( unsigned int numIndents )
- {
- static const char * pINDENT=" ";
- static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
- unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
- if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
- return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
- }
- int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
- {
- if ( !pElement ) return 0;
- TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
- int i=0;
- int ival;
- double dval;
- const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
- printf("\n");
- while (pAttrib)
- {
- printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
- if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival);
- if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
- printf( "\n" );
- i++;
- pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
- }
- return i;
- }
- void dump_to_stdout( TiXmlNode* pParent, unsigned int indent = 0 )
- {
- if ( !pParent ) return;
- TiXmlNode* pChild;
- TiXmlText* pText;
- int t = pParent->Type();
- printf( "%s", getIndent(indent));
- int num;
- switch ( t )
- {
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT:
- printf( "Document" );
- break;
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT:
- printf( "Element [%s]", pParent->Value() );
- num=dump_attribs_to_stdout(pParent->ToElement(), indent+1);
- switch(num)
- {
- case 0: printf( " (No attributes)"); break;
- case 1: printf( "%s1 attribute", getIndentAlt(indent)); break;
- default: printf( "%s%d attributes", getIndentAlt(indent), num); break;
- }
- break;
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_COMMENT:
- printf( "Comment: [%s]", pParent->Value());
- break;
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_UNKNOWN:
- printf( "Unknown" );
- break;
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_TEXT:
- pText = pParent->ToText();
- printf( "Text: [%s]", pText->Value() );
- break;
- case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION:
- printf( "Declaration" );
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- printf( "\n" );
- for ( pChild = pParent->FirstChild(); pChild != 0; pChild = pChild->NextSibling())
- {
- dump_to_stdout( pChild, indent+1 );
- }
- }
- // load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
- void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
- {
- TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
- bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
- if (loadOkay)
- {
- printf("\n%s:\n", pFilename);
- dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial
- }
- else
- {
- printf("Failed to load file \"%s\"\n", pFilename);
- }
- }
如果你想在MFC中使用TinyXML,会出现这样的编译错误 fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file
while looking for precompiled
header。因为预编译头文件通过编译stdafx.cpp生成,可以在4个实现CPP文件中引入头#include
"stdafx.h"。记得放在最前面。这样就可以编译通过了。