Linux 硬盘相关操作

常用查询命令

• 查看当前磁盘及分区情况

df  -h

fdisk -l

• fdisk 命令说明

参数	作用
m	查看全部可用的参数
n	添加新的分区
d	删除某个分区信息
l	列出所有可用的分区类型
t	改变某个分区的类型
p	查看分区表信息
w	保存并退出
q	不保存直接退出

 新增分区

• 开始挂载空闲硬盘

fdisk  /dev/vdb

• 输入p查看当前硬盘

root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:~# fdisk  /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdc60fc48.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 1000 GiB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdc60fc48

• 输入n创建新分区

这里依次输入了四个参数

参数一:主分区(p)还是扩展分区(e)    我这里选择了主分区

参数二:主分区的编号默认是1 我这里也输入1

参数三:扇区起始位置 直接回车不输入选默认

参数四: 定义下整个分区的大小 我这里输入900000

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151999, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151999, default 2097151999): 900000

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 438.5 MiB.

• 保存退出

输入w  命令

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

• 查看分区

 file  /dev/vdb1

• 格式化分区

root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:~#  mkfs.xfs  /dev/vdb1
meta-data=/dev/vdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=28061 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=112244, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

• 挂载到文件夹

root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:~# cd /
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:/# mkdir  /data
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:/# ^C
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:/# mount  /dev/vdb1   /data
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:/# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.6G   73M  1.5G   5% /run
/dev/vda1        78G   73G  1.7G  98% /
tmpfs           7.9G  1.1M  7.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
none             78G   73G  1.7G  98% /var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/c66a3d8b2e9fcb96c8a842f985baf8cd45a9971042c882daab583a0892e7afdf
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /var/lib/docker/containers/ff4ecd20fdaf7667aa4f3583726f1e670b8c2c7068b7620e802bdba0f05fff1d/shm
/dev/vdb1       436M   23M  414M   6% /data
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:/# 

 删除分区

 卸载正在使用的硬盘分区

 删除对应分区

root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:~# umount /data
root@chongzhuang-ghj-redhat6-01-20210:~# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 1000 GiB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdc60fc48

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 2097151800 2097149753 1000G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted. 

如果要重新挂载该分区 注意生成后格式化

mkfs -t  ext4 /dev/vdb1