1. 简述
同function函数相似。bind函数相同也能够实现相似于函数指针的功能。但却却比函数指针更加灵活。特别是函数指向类 的非静态成员函数时。std::tr1::function 能够对静态成员函数进行绑定,但假设要对非静态成员函数的绑定,需用到下机将要介绍的bind()模板函数。
bind的声明例如以下:
template<class Fty, class T1, class T2, ..., class TN>
unspecified bind(Fty fn, T1 t1, T2 t2, ..., TN tN);
当中Fty为调用函数所属的类。fn为将被调用的函数,t1…tN为函数的參数。假设不指明參数,则能够使用占位符表示形參,占位符格式为std::tr1::placehoders::_1, std::tr1::placehoders::_2, …
2. 代码演示样例
先看一下演示样例代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <tr1/functional>
typedef std::tr1::function<void()> Fun;
typedef std::tr1::function<void(int)> Fun2;
int CalSum(int a, int b){
printf("%d + %d = %d
",a,b,a+b);
return a+b;
}
class Animal{
public:
Animal(){}
~Animal(){}
void Move(){}
};
class Bird: public Animal{
public:
Bird(){}
~Bird(){}
void Move(){
std::cout<<"I am flying...
";
}
};
class Fish: public Animal{
public:
Fish(){}
~Fish(){}
void Move(){
std::cout<<"I am swimming...
";
}
void Say(int hour){
std::cout<<"I have swimmed "<<hour<<" hours.
";
}
};
int main()
{
std::tr1::bind(&CalSum,3,4)();
std::cout<<"--------------divid line-----------
";
Bird bird;
Fun fun = std::tr1::bind(&Bird::Move,&bird);
fun();
Fish fish;
fun = std::tr1::bind(&Fish::Move,&fish);
fun();
std::cout<<"-------------divid line-----------
";
//bind style one.
fun = std::tr1::bind(&Fish::Say,&fish,3);
fun();
//bind style two.
Fun2 fun2 = std::tr1::bind(&Fish::Say,&fish, std::tr1::placeholders::_1);
fun2(3);
return 0;
}
对于全局函数的绑定。可直接使用函数的地址,加上參数接口。std::tr1::bind(&CalSum,3,4)();
。然后能够结合function函数。实现不同类成员之间的函数绑定。绑定的方式主要有代码中的两种。
执行结果例如以下:
3 + 4 = 7
————–divid line———–
I am flying…
I am swimming…
————-divid line———–
I have swimmed 3 hours.
I have swimmed 3 hours.