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  • CISCO路由器IOS升级方法总结[ZT]

    IOS升级方法一

        在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下:

        1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:\),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:\)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1;

        2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用;

        QUOTE:Router# dir flash:     (查看目前IOS映象文件名,也可用Router#Show version)

        Directory of flash:/

        1  -rw-     5998292                C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

        8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)

        Router#copy flash tftp            (备份IOS文件)

        Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

        Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1    (TFTP服务器地址)

        Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

          !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        …

        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)

        Router# 3、对路由器进行IOS升级;

        QUOTE:Router#copy tftp flash

        Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1       (TFTP服务器地址)

        Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin         (需升级的新IOS映象文件名)

        Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

        Do you want to over write? [confirm]

        Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin……

        Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

        Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

        Erasing device…… eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ……erasedee

        Erase of flash: complete

        Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        [OK - 5998292 bytes]

        Verifying checksum……  OK (0xA0C0)

        5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)

        Router# IOS升级方法二

        由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即

        QUOTE:Router(boot)>en

        Router(boot)#其他升级步骤同方法一,即:执行copy tftp flash命令,对IOS进行升级。升级完成后,不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102(恢复正常值)。

        QUOTE:Router(boot)# t

        Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102

        Router(boot)( config)#exit

        Router(boot)#wr

        Router(boot)#reload重启即可。

    IOS升级方法三

        由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下,可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号,每执行1条命令自动加1)

        QUOTE:rommon 1 > ?

        alias               set and display aliases command

        boot                boot up an external process

        break               set/show/clear the breakpoint

        confreg             configuration register utility

        cont                continue executing a downloaded image

        context             display the context of a loaded image

        cookie              display contents of cookie PROM in hex

        dev                 list the device table

        dir                 list files in file system

        dis                 display instruction stream

        dnld                serial download a program module

        frame               print out a selected stack frame

        help                monitor builtin command help

        history             monitor command history

        meminfo             main memory information

        repeat              repeat a monitor command

        reset               system reset

        set                 display the monitor variables

        stack               produce a stack trace

        sync                write monitor environment to NVRAM

        sysret              print out info from last system return

        tftpdnld            tftp image download

        unalias             unset an alias

        unset               unset a monitor variable

        xmodem              x/ymodem image download

        rommon 2 >在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。

        (一)、通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下:

        1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。

        2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即:

        QUOTE:rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

        (-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件)

        WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!

        Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

        Do you wish to continue? y/n  [n]:  y Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ……      (此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。)

        QUOTE:Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

        program flash location 0x605b0000

        Download Complete!

        传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下:

        QUOTE:program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0

        Self decompressing the image :

       [OK]

        Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10

        Using iomem percentage: 10

        Restricted Rights Legend

        Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

        subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

        (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted

        Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

        (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer

        Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

        cisco Systems, Inc.

        170 West Tasman Drive

        San Jose, California 95134-1706

        Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

        IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,  RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

        TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

        Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

        Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

        Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48

        cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory

        Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)

        M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49

        Bridging software.

        X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.

        1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

        2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)

        32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

        8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

        Press RETURN to get started!

        *Mar  1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1

        *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

        *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

        *Mar  1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

        *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

        *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

        *Mar  1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

        *Mar  1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console

        *Mar  1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down

        *Mar  1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted ——Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

        IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9,  RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

        TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

        Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.

        Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

        *Mar  1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

        Router>采用这种方法时,由于使用console口来传送,速率为9600bps,需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS.具体方法如下:

        QUOTE:rommon 1 > confreg 回车

        Configuration Summary

        enabled are:

        load rom after netboot fails

        console baud: 9600

        boot: image specified by the boot system commands

        or default to: cisco2-C2600

        do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

        enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

        enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

        4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520

        速率的xmodem传输)

        change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        Configuration Summary

        enabled are:

        load rom after netboot fails

        console baud: 115200

        boot: image specified by the boot system commands

        or default to: cisco2-C2600

        do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

        rommon 2 > reset 回车注意:在按reset键前,需要修改串口速度(我的电脑——端口属性——串口速度调为115200),然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200,记住,一定要这么做,否则会出现乱码! 然后关闭这个超级终端,重新建立一个超级终端连接,重新启动系统后,出现

        QUOTE:rommon 1> 提示符然后,输入

        QUOTE:rommon 1> xmodem -r

        Do not start the sending program yet……

        Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

        Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

        Ready to receive file ……

        此时,在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”——“发送文件”——选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议,点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件!待升级完成后,请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps.

        方法如下:

        QUOTE:Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式

        Router#reload 重启系统

        Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车

        00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested

        System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

        Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

        TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info

        PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0

        C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory

        PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684

        monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt

        30秒内按ctrl+break键

        rommon 1 > confreg ( 输入“confreg”命令)

        Configuration Summary

        enabled are:

        load rom after netboot fails

        console baud: 115200

        boot: image specified by the boot system commands

        or default to: cisco2-C2600

        do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

        enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

        enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

        4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)

        change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

        Configuration Summary

        enabled are:

        load rom after netboot fails

        console baud: 9600

        boot: image specified by the boot system commands

        or default to: cisco2-C2600

        do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

        rommon 2 >此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600

        然后敲入

        QUOTE:rommon 2 >reset最好关掉电源后,重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢,往往等上很长时间,为了快速升级,可以采用下列方法。

    (二)通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS,具体步骤如下:

        1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器;用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。

        2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32;PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1.将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中,并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。

        3、通过set 命令查看配置参数

        QUOTE:rommon 2 > set

        PS1=rommon ! >

        BOOT=

        BSI=0

        RET_2_RTS=

        ?=0 4、在 rommon 状态下输入:(注意大小写)

        QUOTE:rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1             (路由器的ip地址)

        rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0     (路由器的掩码)

        rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32     (缺省网关,是pc机的ip地址)

        rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32         (是pc机的ip地址)

        rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN    (上传ios文件的名称)

        rommon 8>sync                             (保存参数配置)

        rommon 9 >set                              (查看)

        rommon 10 > set

        PS1=rommon ! >

        BOOT=

        IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1

        IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0

        DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32

        TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32

        TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

        BSI=0

        RET_2_RTS=

        ?=0

        rommon 11 >tftpdnld执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级,有时可能会报错或命令不执行,这时只要用sync命令保存配置后,重新启动路由器(最好关掉电源再开机)后,再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。

        QUOTE:rommon 11 >tftpdnld(传送文件)出现提示选择y

        IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1

        IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0

        DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32

        TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32

        TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

        Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

        WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!

        Do you wish to continue? y/n:  [n]:  y

        Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        …

        !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        File reception completed.

        Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.

        Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

        program flash location 0x605b0000

        rommon 13 >

        在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset,或重新启动路由器(power-cycle),进入正常引导状态,即:

        Router>笔者在Cisco2500、2600、7200等系列路由器上均实际操作过,以上为在Cisco2610路由器上实际操作捕获或截屏,所配地址只是特例,大家可根据实际需要予以修改。最后建议:大家在作正常路由器系统升级时,为防止不正确操作等引起的升级失败,请先把路由器原有的系统备份下来。

     以上内容都是从互联网上转帖过来的,实际方法一和方法三(二)都经过我实际操作,成功救活过CISCO 2650,CISCO2620XM...

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/d9394/p/10611735.html
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