Every Programmer Should Know These Latency Numbers
1秒=1000毫秒(ms) 1秒=1,000,000 微秒(μs) 1秒=1,000,000,000 纳秒(ns) 1秒=1,000,000,000,000 皮秒(ps)
L1 cache reference ......................... 0.5 ns Branch mispredict ............................ 5 ns L2 cache reference ........................... 7 ns Mutex lock/unlock ........................... 25 ns Main memory reference ...................... 100 ns Compress 1K bytes with Zippy ............. 3,000 ns = 3 μs Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network ....... 20,000 ns = 20 μs SSD random read ........................ 150,000 ns = 150 μs Read 1 MB sequentially from memory ..... 250,000 ns = 250 μs Round trip within same datacenter ...... 500,000 ns = 0.5 ms Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* ..... 1,000,000 ns = 1 ms Disk seek ........................... 10,000,000 ns = 10 ms Read 1 MB sequentially from disk .... 20,000,000 ns = 20 ms Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA .... 150,000,000 ns = 150 ms