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  • Django--自定义用户认证

    Django自带的用户认证

    以前都是用Django自带的用户认证，用户名字段一对一关系对应Django--User表（其实它也是继承了abstractbaseuser）。

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    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    class UserInfo(models.Model):
        username = models.OneToOneField(User)

    为什么使用要自定义用户认证？

    原生的Django--User认证只有用户名和密码字段，自定义用户认证可以根据项目的需求定制化和扩展认证系统。

    比如把唯一标识改成email，或加入用户组等等。



    官方说明

    官方文档：

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.PermissionsMixin.has_perms


    Specifying a custom User model（指定自定义用户模型）

    使用Django自定义用户模型必须满足：

    1. 模型必须有一个唯一的字段，可用于识别目的。

    2. 用户给定名称为“短”的标识，用户的全名为“长”标识符。他们可以返回完全相同的值。


         构建一个符合用户自定义模型的最简单的方法是继承abstractbaseuser类。abstractbaseuser提供一个用户模型的核心实现，包括密码和符号密码重置。Django自带用用户认证User也是继承了它。一些关键的实现细节：

    class models.CustomUser

    USERNAME_FIELD

    必须有一个唯一标识--USERNAME_FIELD

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    class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
        ...
        USERNAME_FIELD = 'name'


    REQUIRED_FIELDS

    创建superuser时的必须字段

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    class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
        ...
        date_of_birth = models.DateField()
        height = models.FloatField()
        ...
        REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth', 'height']


    abstractbaseuser提供的方法

    is_active(),is_authenticated()......


    自定义models（略）


    settings中添加models文件名

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    AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.MyUser(类名)'   

    Django会去models中找这个类，所以要在原生的models.py中导入这个类。


    代码实现

    assetuser_models.py

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    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
    from django.db import models
    from django.contrib.auth.models import (
        BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
    )
     
     
    class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager):
        def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
            """
            Creates and saves a User with the given email, name and password.
            """
            '''email是唯一标识，没有会报错'''
            if not email:
                raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
     
            user = self.model(
                email=self.normalize_email(email),
                name=name,
            )
     
            user.set_password(password) #检测密码合理性
            user.save(using=self._db)   #保存密码
            return user
     
        def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
            """
            Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, name and password.
            """
            user = self.create_user(email,
                password=password,
                name=name
            )
            user.is_admin = True    #比创建用户多的一个字段
            user.save(using=self._db)
            return user
     
     
    class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
        email = models.EmailField(
            verbose_name='email address',
            max_length=255,
            unique=True,
        )
        name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
        is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
     
        objects = UserProfileManager()    #创建用户
     
        USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
        REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']
     
        def get_full_name(self):
            # The user is identified by their email address
            return self.email
     
        def get_short_name(self):
            # The user is identified by their email address
            return self.email
     
        def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
            return self.email
     
        '''django自带后台权限控制，对哪些表有查看权限等'''
        def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
            "Does the user have a specific permission?"
            # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
            return True
     
        '''用户是否有权限看到app'''
        def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
            "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
            # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
            return True
     
        @property
        def is_staff(self):
            "Is the user a member of staff?"
            # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
            return self.is_admin

    assetmodels.py

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    from asset.user_models import UserProfile

    myCMDBsettings.py

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    AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'asset.UserProfile'

    assetadmin.py

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    from asset import models
    admin.site.register(models.UserProfile)

    初始化数据库，登录后台。此时密码是明文显示，如果想改密码怎么办？


    这时，需要自定义admin显示(官方都提供了)。

    assetadmin.py

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    from user_admin import UserAdmin
    admin.site.register(models.UserProfile,UserAdmin)

    assetuser_admin.py

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    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
    from django import forms
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
    from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
    from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
     
    from asset.models import UserProfile
     
     
    class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
        """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
        fields, plus a repeated password."""
        password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
        password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
     
        class Meta:
            model = UserProfile
            fields = ('email', 'name')
     
        def clean_password2(self):
            # Check that the two password entries match
            password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
            password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
            if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
                raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
            return password2
     
        def save(self, commit=True):
            # Save the provided password in hashed format
            user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
            user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
            if commit:
                user.save()
            return user
     
     
    class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
        """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
        the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
        password hash display field.
        """
        password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
     
        class Meta:
            model = UserProfile
            fields = ('email', 'password', 'name', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
     
        def clean_password(self):
            # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
            # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
            # field does not have access to the initial value
            return self.initial["password"]
     
     
    class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
        # 以前是ModelAdmin
        # The forms to add and change user instances
        form = UserChangeForm
        add_form = UserCreationForm
     
        # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
        # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
        # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
        list_display = ('email', 'name', 'is_admin')    #这个和以前一样，显示什么
        list_filter = ('is_admin',)
        fieldsets = (
            (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
            ('Personal info', {'fields': ('name',)}),
            ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
        )
        # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
        # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
        add_fieldsets = (
            (None, {
                'classes': ('wide',),
                'fields': ('email', 'name', 'password1', 'password2')}
            ),
        )
        search_fields = ('email',)
        ordering = ('email',)
        filter_horizontal = ()
     
    # Now register the new UserAdmin...
    #admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserAdmin)
    # ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
    # unregister the Group model from admin.
    admin.site.unregister(Group)    #不显示系统自带的group

    后台效果

    编辑用户：


    更改密码：


    没有Group：​
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/daliangtou/p/5435385.html
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