Android Bitmap 与 Drawable之间的区别和转换

 Bitmap - 称作位图，一般位图的文件格式后缀为bmp，当然编码器也有很多如RGB565、RGB888。作为一种逐像素的显示对象执行效率高，但是缺点也很明显存储效率低。我们理解为一种存储对象比较好。
    Drawable - 作为Android平下通用的图形对象，它可以装载常用格式的图像，比如GIF、PNG、JPG，当然也支持BMP，当然还提供一些高级的可视化对象，比如渐变、图形等。

A bitmap is a Drawable. A Drawable is not necessarily a bitmap. Like all thumbs are fingers but not all fingers are thumbs.
Bitmap是Drawable . Drawable不一定是Bitmap .就像拇指是指头,但不是所有的指头都是拇指一样.

The API dictates: API规定:

Though usually not visible to the application, Drawables may take a variety of forms: 尽管通常情况下对于应用是不可见的,Drawables 可以采取很多形式:

Bitmap: the simplest Drawable, a PNG or JPEG image. Bitmap: 简单化的Drawable, PNG 或JPEG图像.
Nine Patch: an extension to the PNG format allows it to specify information about how to stretch it and place things inside of it.
Shape: contains simple drawing commands instead of a raw bitmap, allowing it to resize better in some cases.
Layers: a compound drawable, which draws multiple underlying drawables on top of each other.
States: a compound drawable that selects one of a set of drawables based on its state.
Levels: a compound drawable that selects one of a set of drawables based on its level.
Scale: a compound drawable with a single child drawable, whose overall size is modified based on the current level.

小结：

对比项          显示清晰度      占用内存     支持缩放    支持色相色差调整      支持旋转     支持透明色       绘制速度           支持像素操作

Bitmap          相同                大                 是                是                            是                是                     慢                      是
Drawable       相同                小                 是               否                            是                 是                     快                      否

Drawable在内存占用和绘制速度这两个非常关键的点上胜过Bitmap

//转换Bitmap to Drawable
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap (...);
Drawable drawable = new BitmapDrawable(bitmap);
 
//转换Drawable to Bitmap
Drawable d = ImagesList.get(0);
Bitmap bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable)d).getBitmap();
  
//1、Drawable → Bitmap
public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
          
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap
                        .createBitmap(
                                        drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(),
                                        drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(),
                                        drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
                                                        : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        //canvas.setBitmap(bitmap);
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
        drawable.draw(canvas);
        return bitmap;
}
 
//2、从资源中获取Bitmap
Resources res=getResources();
Bitmap bmp=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, R.drawable.pic);
 
//3、Bitmap → byte[]
private byte[] Bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm){
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos);
    return baos.toByteArray();
   }
 
//4、 byte[] → Bitmap
private Bitmap Bytes2Bimap(byte[] b){
            if(b.length!=0){
                return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(b, 0, b.length);
            }
            else {
                return null;
            }
      }