chsakell分享了前端使用AngularJS,后端使用ASP.NET Web API的购物车案例，非常精彩，这里这里记录下对此项目的理解。
文章：
http://chsakell.com/2015/01/31/angularjs-feat-web-api/
http://chsakell.com/2015/03/07/angularjs-feat-web-api-enable-session-state/
源码：
https://github.com/chsakell/webapiangularjssecurity
本系列共三篇，本篇是第二篇。
购物车Demo,前端使用AngularJS,后端使用ASP.NET Web API(1)--后端
购物车Demo,前端使用AngularJS,后端使用ASP.NET Web API(2)--前端，以及前后端Session
购物车Demo,前端使用AngularJS,后端使用ASP.NET Web API(3)--Idetity,OWIN前后端验证
HomeController用来展示主页面，并接受前端传来的Order的编号。
public calss HomeCOntroller : Controller { public ActionReuslt Index() { retun View(); } public ActionResult ViewOrder(int id) { using(var context = new SotreContext()) { //这时候Order的导航属性Gadgets还没有加载出来呢 var order = context.Orders.Find(id); //根据Order编号获取中间表 var gadgetOrders = context.GadgetOrders.Where(go => go.OrderID == id); foreach(GadgetOrder gadgetOrder in gadgetOrders) { //加载中间表某个记录中对应的导航属性 context.Entry(gadgetOrder).Reference(g => g.Gadget).Load(); order.Gadgets.Add(gadgetOrder.Gadget); } return View(order); } } }
Home/Index.cshtml视图。
<html ng-app="gadgetsStore"> ... <body ng-controller='gadgetStoreCtrl'> <div ng-hide="checkoutComplete()"> <div ng-show="showFilter()"> <form> <input type="text" ng-model="searchItem"> </form> </div> <cart-details></cart-details> </div> <div ng-show="data.error" ng-cloak> {{data.error.status}} </div> <ng-view /> <script src="../../Scripts/angular.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../Scripts/angular-route.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../app/mainApp.js"></script> <script src="../../app/controllers/gadgetsStore.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../app/filters/storeFilters.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../app/controllers/gadgetsControllers.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../app/components/cartCmp.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="../../app/controllers/checkoutController.js" type="text/javascript"></ </body> </html>
以上，ng-hide="checkoutComplete()"决定着是否显示所在div，ng-show="data.error" 决定是否显示报错，<ng-view />根据路由显示不同视图，ng-cloak用来避免在切换视图时页面的闪烁，<cart-details></cart-details>是自定义的directive，和angularjs有关的js文件放在顶部，applicaiton相关js文件放在其下面，在mainApp.js文件中坐落着一个顶级module名称是gadgetStore,而顶级controller被放在了gadgetsStoreCtrl.js这个js文件中了。
最终的界面如下：
main.js 声明顶级module，以及配置路由。
angular.module("gadgetsStore", ["storeFilters", "storeCart", "ngRoute"])
.config(function($routeProvider){
$routeProvider.when("/gadgets",{templateUrl: "app/views/gadgets.html"});
$routeProvider.when("/checkout",{templateUrl: "app/views/checkout.html"});
$routeProvider.when("/submitorder",{templateUrl: "app/views/submitOrder.html"});
$routeProvider.when("/complete",{templateUrl: "app/views/orderSubmitted.html"});
$routeProvider.otherwise({templateUrl: "app/views/gadgets.html"});
});
storeFilters, storeCart是我们自定义的，这里注入进来。
有了gadgetsStore这个module，现在就为这个module添加controller等。
angular.module('gadgetsStore')
.constant('gadgetsUrl', 'http://localhost:8888/api/gadgets')
.constant('ordersUrl', 'http://localhost:8888/api/orders')
.constant('categoreisUrl', 'http://localhost:8888/api/categories')
.controller('gadgetStore', function($scope, $http, $location, gadgetsUrl, categoresUrl, ordersUrl, cart){//因为gadgetsStore依赖引用了storeCart，所以这里可以引用cart
//这里的data被用在主视图上，所以data的数据会被其它部分视图共享
// $scope.data.gadgets
// scope.data.erro
// $scope.data.categories
// $scope.data.OrderLocation
// $scope.data.OrderID
// $scope.data.orderError
$scope.data = {};
$http.get(gadgetsUrl)
.success(function(data){
$scope.data.gadgets = data;
})
.error(function(error){
$scope.data.error = error;
});
$http.get(categoresUrl)
.success(function(data){
$scope.data.categories = data;
})
.error(function(error){
$scope.data.error = error;
});
$scope.sendOrder = function(shippingDetails){
var order = angular.copy(shippingDetails);
order.gadgets = cart.getProducts();
$http.post(ordersUrl, order)
.success(function(data, status, headers, config){
$scope.data.OrderLocation = headers('Location');
$scope.data.OrderID = data.OrderID;
cart.getProducts().length = 0;
})
.error(function(error){
$scope.data.orderError = error;
}).finally(function(){
$location.path("/complete");
});
}
$scope.showFilter = function(){
return $location.path() == '';
}
$scope.checkoutComplete = function(){
return $location.path() == '/complete';
}
});
以上，为gadgetsStore这个module定义了常量以及controller。把一些规定的uri定义成某个moudule的常量是很好的习惯。通过$location.path方法可以获取或设置当前窗口的uri。
好了，顶级的module和顶级的controller有了，Gadget部分如何显示呢？
根据路由$routeProvider.when("/gadgets",{templateUrl: "app/views/gadgets.html"})， Gadget的视图被放在了app/views/gadgets.html中了，来看gadgets.html这个视图。
<div ng-controller="gadgetsCtrl" ng-hide="data.error"> <!--左侧导航部分--> <div> <!--这里的selectCategory方法实际是把controller内部的一个变量selectedCategory设为null--> <a ng-click="selectCategory()">Home</a> <a ng-repeat="item in data.categoires | orderBy: 'CategoryID'" ng-click="selectCategory(item.CategoryID)" ng-class="getCategoryClass(item.CategoryID)">{{item.Name}}</a> </div> <!--右侧Gadgets部分--> <div> <div ng-repeat="item in data.gadgets | filter: categoryFilterFn | filter: searchItem | range:selectedPage:pageSize"> {{item.Name}} {{item.Price | currency}} <img ng-src="../../images/{{item.Images}}" /> {{item.Description}} <a ng-click="addProductToCart(item)">Add To Cart</a> </div> <!--分页部分--> <div> <a ng-repeat="page in data.gadgets | filter:categoryFilterFn | filter:searchItem | pageCount:pageSize" ng-click="selectPage($index + 1)" ng-class="getPageClass($index + 1)"> {{$index + 1}} </a> </div> </div> </div>
以上，把视图的来源交给了gadgetsCtrl这个controller, 这个controller也被定义在了gadgetsStore这个module中。
gadgetsCtr.js
angular.module("gadgetsStore")
.constant("gadgetsActiveClass", 'btn-primary')
.constant('gadgetsPageCount', 3)
.controller("gadgetsCtrl", function($scope, $filter, gadgetsActiveClass, gadgetsPageCount, cart){
//存储Category的主键CategoryID
var selectedCategory = null;
//这里是传给range和pageCount过滤器的
$scope.selectedPage = 1;
$scope.pageSise = gadgetsPageCount;
//实际就是未selectedPage这个变量赋新值
$scope.selectPage = function(newPage){
$scope.selectedPage = newPage;
}
//这里把Category的编号CategoryID传了进来
$scope.selecteCategory = function(newCategory)
{
$selectedCategory = newCategory;
$scope.selectedPage = 1;
}
//这里的product实际就是Gadget
//过滤出Gadget的CategoryID和这里的selectedCateogory一致的那些Gadgets
$scope.categoryFilterFn = fucntion(product){
return selectedCategory == null || product.CategoryID == selectedCategory;
}
//category实际是Category的主键CategoryID
$scope.getCategoryClass = function(category){
return selectedCategory == category ? gadgetsActiveClass : "";
}
$scope.getPageClass = function(page){
return $scope.selectedPage = page ? gadgetsActiveClass : "";
}
$scope.addProductToCart = function(product){
cart.addProduct(product.GadgetID, product.Name, product.Price, product.CategoryID);
}
});
在显示Gadget列表的时候，<div ng-repeat="item in data.gadgets | filter: categoryFilterFn | filter: searchItem | range:selectedPage:pageSize">，这里用到了一个自定的过滤器range，这个过滤器被定义在了storeFilters.js中。
var storeFilters = angular.module('storeFilters',[]); storeFitlers.filter("range", function($filter){ return function(data, page, size){ if(angular.isArray(data) && angular.isNumber(page) && angular.isNumber(size)){ var start_index = (page - 1)*size; if(data.legnth < start_index){ return []; } else { return $filter("limitTo")(data.splice(start_index), size); } } else{ return data; } } }); sortFilters.filter("pageCount", function(){ return function(data, size){ if(angular.isArray(data)) { var result = []; for(var i = 0; i < Math.ceil(data.length/size); i++){ result.push(i); } } else { return data; } } });
再来看$routeProvider.when("/checkout",{templateUrl: "app/views/checkout.html"});这个路由，checkout.html这个部分视图如下：
<div ng-controller = "cartDetailsController"> <div ng-show="cartData.length==0"> no item in the shopping cart </div> <div ng-hide="cartData.length == 0"> {{item.count}} {{item.Name}} {{item.Price | currency}} {{(item.Price * item.count) | currency}} <button ng-click="remove(item.GadgetID)"></button> {{total() | currency}} <a href="#">Continue shopping</a> <a href="#/submitorder">Place order now</a> </div> </div>
对应的界面如下：
cartDetailsController这个controller也被放在了顶级module里。如下：
angular.module("gadgetsStore")
.controller("cartDetailsController", function($scope, cart){
$scope.cartData = cart.getProducts();
$scope.total = function(){
var total = 0;
for(var i = 0; i < $scope.cartData.length;i++)
{
total += ($scope.cartData[i].Price * $scope.cartData[i].count);
}
return total;
}
$scope.remove = function(id){
cart.removeProduct(id);
}
});
我们注意到，我们已经在多个地方注入cart这个服务 ，这个自定义的服务可以以factory的方式来创建，如果要用这个cart服务，它所在的module就要被其它module所引用。下面来创建cart服务：
var storeCart = angular.module('storeCart',[]); storeCart.factory('cart', function(){ var cartData = []; return { addProduct: function(id, name, price, category){ //用来标记是否已经向购物车里加了产品 var addedToExistingItem = false; for(var i=0; i < cartData.length;i++) { if(cartData[i].GadgetID == id){ cartData[i].count++; addedToExistingItem = true; break; } } if(!addedToExistingItem) { cartData.push({ count:1, GadgetID: id, Price: price, Name: name, CategoryID:category }); } }, removeProduct: function(id){ for(var i = 0; i < cartData.legnth; i++){ if(cartData[i].GadgetID == id){ cartData.splice(i, 1); break; } } }, getProducts:function(){ return cartData; } }; });
关于购物车部分，我们还记得，在主视图用了<cart-details></cart-details>这个自定义的directive，实际也是在storeCart这个module中定义的。
sortCart.directive("cartDetails", function(cart){
return {
restrict: "E",
templateUrl: "app/components.cartDetails.html",
controller: function($scope){
var cartData = cart.getProducts();
$scope.total = function(){
var total =0;
for(var i = 0; i < cartData.legnth; i++){
total += (cartData[i].Price * cartData[i].count);
}
return total;
}
$scope.itemCount = function(){
var total = 0;
for(var i = 0; i < cartData.length; i++){
total += cartData[i].count;
}
return total;
}
}
};
});
以上，对应的视图为：
Your cart: {{itemCount()}} items {total() | currency} <a href="#/checkout">Checkout</a>
在显示购物车明细的时候，给出了提交订单的链接：
<a href="#/submitorder">Place order now</a>
根据路由$routeProvider.when("/submitorder",{templateUrl: "app/views/submitOrder.html"})，是会加载app/views/submitOrder.html部分视图，界面如下：
对应的html为：
<form name="shippingForm" novalidate> <input name="companyName" ng-model="data.shipping.CompanyName" required /> <span ng-show="shippingForm.companyName.$error.required"></span> <input name="name" ng-model="data.shipping.OwnerName" required /> <span ng-show="shippingorm.name.$error.required"></span> ... <button ng-disabled="shippingForm.$invalid" ng-click="sendOrder(data.shipping)">Complete Order</button> </form>
sendOrder被定义在了顶级module中：
$scope.sendOrder = function (shippingDetails) { var order = angular.copy(shippingDetails); order.gadgets = cart.getProducts(); $http.post(ordersUrl, order) .success(function (data, status, headers, config) { $scope.data.OrderLocation = headers('Location'); $scope.data.OrderID = data.OrderID; cart.getProducts().length = 0; }) .error(function (error) { $scope.data.orderError = error; }).finally(function () { $location.path("/complete"); }); }
/complete会路由到$routeProvider.when("/complete",{templateUrl: "app/views/orderSubmitted.html"})， app/views/orderSubmitted.html部分视图如下：
其html部分为：
<div ng-show="data.orderError"> {{data.orderError.status}}the order could not be placed, <a href="#/submitorder">click here to try again</a> </div> <div ng-hide="data.orderError"> {{data.OrderID}} <a href="#">Back to gadgets</a> <a href="{{data.OrderLocation}}">View Order</a> </div>
■ 实现购物车的Session
现在为止，还存在的问题是：当刷新页面的时候，购物车内的产品就会消失，即还么有Session机制。
与ASP.NET Web API路由相关的HttpControllerRouteHandler, HttpControllerHandler, IRequireSessionState。
首先一个继承内置的HttpControllerHandler，并实现内置的IRequiresSessionState接口。
public class SessionEnabledControllerHandler : HttpControllerHandler, IRequiresSessionState { public SessionEnabledControllerHandler(RouteData routeData) : base(routeData) { } }
然后实现一个内置HttpControllerRouteHandler的继承类。
public class SessionEnabledHttpControllerRouteHandler : HttpControllerRouteHandler { protected override IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { return new SessionEnabledControllerHandler(requestContext.RouteData); } }
注释掉WebApiConfig.cs中的代码：
public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // Web API configuration and services // Web API routes config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); // Moved to RouteConfig.cs to enable Session /* config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); */ } }
在RouteConfig中配置如下：
public class RouteConfig { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); #region Web API Routes // Web API Session Enabled Route Configurations routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "SessionsRoute", routeTemplate: "api/sessions/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ).RouteHandler = new SessionEnabledHttpControllerRouteHandler(); ; // Web API Stateless Route Configurations routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); #endregion #region MVC Routes routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); #endregion } }
以上，需要引用System.Web.Http。
现在，如果希望ItemsController中使用Session，那就这样请求：
http://localhost:61691/api/sessions/items
如果不想用Session，那就这样请求：
http://localhost:61691/api/items
现在，在前端，向购物车添加产品相关代码为：
addProduct: function (id, name, price, category) { var addedToExistingItem = false; for (var i = 0; i < cartData.length; i++) { if (cartData[i].GadgetID == id) { cartData[i].count++; addedToExistingItem = true; break; } } if (!addedToExistingItem) { cartData.push({ count: 1, GadgetID: id, Price: price, Name: name, CategoryID: category }); } }
类似地，创建一个模型：
public class CartItem { public int Count { get; set; } public int GadgetID { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int CategoryID { get; set; } }
对应的控制器为：
public class TempOrdersController : ApiController { //get api/TempOrders public List<CartItem> GetTempOrders() { List<CartItem> cartItems = null; if(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["Cart"] != null){ cartItems = (List<CartItem>)System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["Cart"]; } return cartItems; } //post api/TempOrders [HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage SaveOrder(List<CarItem> cartItems) { if (!ModelState.IsValid) { return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest); } System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["Cart"] = cartItems; return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK); } }
再回到前端，首先在gadgetsStore这个顶级module中增加有关缓存API的uri常量。
angular.module('gadgetsStore') .constant('gadgetsUrl', 'http://localhost:61691/api/gadgets') .constant('ordersUrl', 'http://localhost:61691/api/orders') .constant('categoriesUrl', 'http://localhost:61691/api/categories') .constant('tempOrdersUrl', 'http://localhost:61691/api/sessions/temporders') .controller('gadgetStoreCtrl', function ($scope, $http, $location, gadgetsUrl, categoriesUrl, ordersUrl, tempOrdersUrl, cart) { // Code omitted
重新定义cart这个服务：
storeCart.factory('cart', function(){
var cartData = [];
return {
addProduct: function(id, name, price, category){
var addedToExistingItem = false;
for(var i = 0; i < cartData.length; i++){
if(cartData[i].GadgetID == id){
cartData[i].count++;
addedToExistingItem = true;
break;
}
}
if(!addedToExistingItem){
cartData.push({
count:1, GadgetID: id, Price: price, Name: name, Category: category
});
}
},
removeProduct: fucntion(id){
for(var i = 0; i < cartData.length; i++){
if(cartData[i].GadgetID == id){
cartData.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
},
getProducts: fucntion(){
return cartData;
},
pushItem: function(item){
cartData.push({
count: item.Count, GadgetID:item.GadgetID, Price: Item.Price, Name: item.Name, CategoryID: item.CategoryID
})
}
};
});
为了在页面每次刷新的时候保证Session的状态，在主module中添加如下方法：
//用来把每次更新保存到后端的Session中 $scope.saveOrder = function () { var currentProducts = cart.getProducts(); $http.post(tempOrdersUrl, currentProducts) .success(function (data, status, headers, config) { }).error(function (error) { }).finally(function () { }); } //用来每次刷新向后端Session要数据 $scope.checkSessionGadgets = function(){ $http.get(tempOrdersUrl) .success(function(data){ if(data){ for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){ var item = data[i]; cart.pushItem(item); } } }) .error(function(error){ console.log('error checking session: ' + error) ; }); }
然后checkSessionGadgets这个方法就要被运用到主视图上去，当页面每次加载的时候调用它。
<body ng-controller='gadgetStoreCtrl' class="container" ng-init="checkSessionGadgets()">
每次向购车添加的时候需要重新更新后端的Session状态。
$scope.addProductToCart = function (product) { cart.addProduct(product.GadgetID, product.Name, product.Price, product.CategoryID); $scope.saveOrder(); }
每次从购物车一处的时候需要重新更新后端的Session状态。
$scope.remove = function (id) { cart.removeProduct(id); $scope.saveOrder(); }
在用户提交订单的时候，需要一出购物车内的产品，再更新后端的Session状态。
$scope.sendOrder = function (shippingDetails) { var order = angular.copy(shippingDetails); order.gadgets = cart.getProducts(); $http.post(ordersUrl, order) .success(function (data, status, headers, config) { $scope.data.OrderLocation = headers('Location'); $scope.data.OrderID = data.OrderID; cart.getProducts().length = 0; $scope.saveOrder(); }) .error(function (error) { $scope.data.orderError = error; }).finally(function () { $location.path("/complete"); }); }
待续~~