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AngularJS中ui-router全攻略

首先是angular-ui-router的基本用法。

■ 如何引用依赖angular-ui-router

angular.module('app',["ui.router"])
    .config(function($stateProvider){
        $stateProvider.state(stateName, stateCofig);
    })

■ $stateProvider.state(stateName, stateConfig)

stateName是string类型
stateConfig是object类型

//statConfig可以为空对象
$stateProvider.state("home",{});

//state可以有子父级
$stateProvider.state("home",{});
$stateProvider.state("home.child",{})

//state可以是链式的
$stateProvider.state("home",{}).state("about",{}).state("photos",{});

stateConfig包含的字段：template, templateUrl, templateProvider, controller, controllerProvider, resolve, url, params, views, abstract, onEnter, onExit, reloadOnSearch, data

■ $urlRouteProvider

$urlRouteProvider.when(whenPath, toPath)
$urlRouterProvider.otherwise(path)
$urlRouteProvider.rule(handler)

■ $state.go

$state.go(to, [,toParams],[,options])
形参to是string类型，必须，使用"^"或"."表示相对路径；
形参toParams可空，类型是对象；
形参options可空，类型是对象，字段包括：location为bool类型默认true,inherit为bool类型默认true, relative为对象默认$state.$current,notify为bool类型默认为true, reload为bool类型默认为false

$state.go('photos.detail')
$state.go('^')到上一级,比如从photo.detail到photo
$state.go('^.list')到相邻state,比如从photo.detail到photo.list
$state.go('^.detail.comment')到孙子级state，比如从photo.detail到photo.detial.comment

■ ui-sref

ui-sref='stateName'
ui-sref='stateName({param:value, param:value})'

■ ui-view

==没有名称的ui-view

<div ui-view></div>

$stateProvider.state("home",{
    template: "<h1>hi</h1>"
})

或者这样配置：

$stateProvider.state("home"{
    views: {
        "": {
            template: "<h1>hi</h1>"
        }
    }
})

==有名称的ui-view

<div ui-view="main"></div>

$stateProvider.state("home",{
    views: {
        "main" : {
            template: "<h1>hi</h1>"
        }
    }
})

==多个ui-view

<div ui-view></div>
<div ui-view="data"></div>

$stateProvider.state("home",{
    views: {
        "":{template: "<h1>hi</h1>"},
        "data": {template: "<div>data</div>"}
    }
})

■ 项目文件结构

node_modules/
partials/
.....about.html
.....home.html
.....photos.html
app.js
index.html

■ 创建state和view

app.js

var photoGallery = angular.module('photoGallery',["ui.router"]);

photoGallery.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider){
    $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/home');

    $stateProvider
        .state('home',{
            url: '/home',
            templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'
        })
        .state('photos',{
            url: '/photos',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'
        })
        .state('about',{
            url: '/about',
            templateUrl: 'partials/about.html'
        })
})

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="photoGallery">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title></title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>

  <h1>Welcome</h1>
  <div ui-view></div>

<script src="node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>

<script src="node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular-ui-router/release/angular-ui-router.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular-animate/angular-animate.js"></script>

<script src="node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="node_modules/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.js"></script>

<script src="app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

■ state之间的跳转

index.html

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="navbar-header">
    <button class="navbar-toggle collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
      <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      <span class="icon-bar"></span>
    </button>
    <a ui-sref="home" class="navbar-brand">Home</a>
  </div>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
    <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
      <li>
        <a ui-sref="photos">Photos</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <a ui-sref="about">About</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>
</nav>

<div ui-view></div>

以上通过ui-sref属性完成state之间的跳转。

■ 多个view以及state嵌套

有时候，一个页面上可能有多个ui-view，比如：

<div ui-view="header"></div>
<div ui-view="body"></div>

假设，以上页面属于一个名称为parent的state中。

我们知道在ui-router中，一个state大致是这样设置的：

.state('content.photos',{
    url: 'photos',
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'}
    }
})

所有state下views下的所有键值对(类似 "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'})都被放到一个键值集合中。而ui-view的工作原理就是根据自己的属性值，到这个键值集合中去找匹配的键，找到就把对应的页面显示出来。

点击header对应的页面链接，可能会跳转到另外的子页面出现在<div ui-view="body"></div>这个位置。这时候页面出现了子父关系，而每个页面都属于某个state,这样state间就出现了子父关系。这些跳转的子页面，在路由设置中，可能被称为parent.son1, parent.son2...这就是state的嵌套。

在现有的文件结构上增加content.html, header.html,文件结构变为：

node_modules/
partials/
.....about.html
.....home.html
.....photos.html
.....content.html
.....header.html
app.js
index.html

content.html 包含了多各ui-view, 一个ui-view和页头相关，保持不变；令一个ui-view和会根据页头上的点击呈现不同的内容

<div ui-view="header"></div>
<div ui-view="body"></div>

header.html 把原先indext.html中nav部分放到这里来

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button class="navbar-toggle collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a ui-sref="content.home" class="navbar-brand">Home</a>
    </div>
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
        <li>
          <a ui-sref="content.photos">Photos</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a ui-sref="content.about">About</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

index.html 这时变成了这样

<div ui-view></div>

app.js 路由现在这样设置

var photoGallery = angular.module('photoGallery',["ui.router"]);

photoGallery.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider){
    $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('home');

    $stateProvider
        .state('content',{
            url: '/',
            views:{
                "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
                "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
            }
        })
        .state('content.home',{
            url: 'home',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'}
            }
        })
        .state('content.photos',{
            url: 'photos',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'}
            }
        })
        .state('content.about',{
            url:'about',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/about.html'}
            }
        })
})

这时候，页面是这样呈现出来的：

→ 来到home这个路由

.state('content.home',{
    url: 'home',
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'}
    }
})

以上，告诉我们partials/home.html将会被加载到与"body@content"匹配的ui-view中。暂时对应的ui-view还没有出现，于是等待。

→ 路由看到index.html上的<div ui-view></div>

.state('content',{
    url: '/',
    views:{
        "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
        "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
    }
})

于是，就找到了content这个state下views下的 "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'}这个键值对，把partials/content.html显示出来。

→ 分别加载partials/content.html页面上的各个部分

看到<div ui-view="header"></div>，就加载如下：

"header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},

看到<div ui-view="body"></div>，先加载 "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'}

→ 点击header上的链接

点击<a ui-sref="content.photos">Photos</a>，来到：

.state('content.photos',{
    url: 'photos',
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'}
    }
})

把partials/photos.html显示到<div ui-view="body"></div>中去。

点击<div ui-view="body"></div>，来到：

.state('content.about',{
    url:'about',
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/about.html'}
    }
})

把partials/about.html显示到<div ui-view="body"></div>中去。

■ state多级嵌套

以上，在路由设置中，state名称有content, content.photos有了这样的一层嵌套。接下来，要实现state的多级嵌套。

在photos.html页面准备加载一个子页面，叫做photos-list.html；
与photo-list.html页面相邻的还有一个页面，叫做photo-detail.html；
在photo-detail.html页面上加载一个子页面，叫做photos-detail-comment.html;

这样，页面有了嵌套关系，state也相应的会有嵌套关系。

现在，文件结构变成：

node_modules/
partials/
.....about.html
.....home.html
.....photos.html
.....content.html
.....header.html
.....photos-list.html
.....photo-detail.html
.....photos-detail-comment.html
app.js
index.html

photos.html 加一个容纳子页面的ui-view

photos
<div ui-view></div>

如何到达这个子页面呢？修改header中的相关部分如下：

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button class="navbar-toggle collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a ui-sref="content.home" class="navbar-brand">Home</a>
    </div>
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
        <li>
          <a ui-sref="content.photos.list">Photos</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a ui-sref="content.about">About</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>

以上，通过<a ui-sref="content.photos.list">Photos</a>来到photos.html的子页面photos-list.html.

photos-list.html 通过2种途径到相邻页photo-detail.html

<h1>photos-list</h1>
<ul>
  <li><a ui-sref="^.detail">我通过相对路径到相邻的state</a></li>
  <li><a ui-sref="content.photos.detail">我通过绝对路径到相邻的state</a></li>
</ul>

photo-detail.html 又提供了来到其子页面photos-detail-comment.html的ui-view

<h1>photo-details</h1>
<a class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment">通过相对路径去子state</a>
<div ui-view></div>

photos-detail-comment.html 则很简单：
<h1>photos-detail-comment</h1>

app.js state多级嵌套的设置为

var photoGallery = angular.module('photoGallery',["ui.router"]);

photoGallery.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider){
    $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('home');

    $stateProvider
        .state('content',{
            url: '/',
            views:{
                "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
                "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
            }
        })
        .state('content.home',{
            url: 'home',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'}
            }
        })
        .state('content.photos',{
            url: 'photos',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'}
            }
        })
        .state('content.photos.list',{
            url: '/list',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-list.html'
        })
        .state('content.photos.detail',{
            url: '/detail',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail.html'
        })
        .state('content.photos.detail.comment',{
            url: '/comment',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail-comment.html'
        })
        .state('content.about',{
            url:'about',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/about.html'}
            }
        })
})

■ 抽象state

如果一个state,没有通过链接找到它，那就可以把这个state设置为abstract:true,我们把以上的content和content.photos这2个state设置为抽象。

.state('content',{
    url: '/',
    abstract: true,
    views:{
        "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
        "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
    }
})
...


.state('content.photos',{
    url: 'photos',
    abstract: true,
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html'}
    }
})

那么，当一个state设置为抽象，如果通过ui-sref或路由导航到该state会出现什么结果呢？

--会导航到默认路由上

$urlRouterProvider.otherwise('home');

即

.state('content.home',{
    url: 'home',
    views:{
        "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'}
    }
})

最终把partials/home.html显示出来。

■ 使用控制器

在实际项目中，数据大多从controller中来。

首先在路由中设置state所用到的控制器以及控制器别名。

var photoGallery = angular.module('photoGallery',["ui.router"]);

photoGallery.config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider){
    $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('home');

    $stateProvider
        .state('content',{
            url: '/',
            abstract: true,
            views:{
                "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
                "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
            }
        })
        .state('content.home',{
            url: 'home',
            views:{
                "body@content":{
                    templateUrl: 'partials/home.html',
                    controller: 'HomeController',
                    controllerAs: 'ctrHome'
                }
            }
        })
        .state('content.photos',{
            url: 'photos',
            abstract: true,
            views:{
                "body@content":{
                    templateUrl: 'partials/photos.html',
                    controller: 'PhotoController',
                    controllerAs: 'ctrPhoto'
                }
            }
        })
        .state('content.photos.list',{
            url: '/list',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-list.html',
            controller: "PhotoListController",
            controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoList'
        })
        .state('content.photos.detail',{
            url: '/detail',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail.html',
            controller: 'PhotoDetailController',
            controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoDetail'
        })
        .state('content.photos.detail.comment',{
            url: '/comment',
            templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail-comment.html'
        })
        .state('content.about',{
            url:'about',
            views:{
                "body@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/about.html'}
            }
        })
})

添加controller.js,该文件用来定义所用到的controller.现在的文件结构为：

asserts/
.....css/
.....images/
..........image1.jpg
..........image2.jpg
..........image3.jpg
..........image4.jpg
node_modules/
partials/
.....about.html
.....home.html
.....photos.html
.....content.html
.....header.html
.....photos-list.html
.....photo-detail.html
.....photos-detail-comment.html
app.js
index.html

controllers.js

photoGallery.controller('HomeController',['$scope', '$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.message = 'Welcome to the Photo Gallery';
}]);

//别名：ctrPhoto
photoGallery.controller('PhotoController',['$scope','$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.photos = [
        { id: 0, title: 'Photo 1', description: 'description for photo 1', imageName: 'image1.jpg', comments:[
            {name: 'user1', comment: 'Nice'},
            { name:'User2', comment:'Very good'}
        ]},
        { id: 1, title: 'Photo 2', description: 'description for photo 2', imageName: 'image2.jpg', comments:[
            { name: 'user2', comment: 'Nice'},
            { name:'User1', comment:'Very good'}
        ]},
        { id: 2, title: 'Photo 3', description: 'description for photo 3', imageName: 'image3.jpg', comments:[
            {name: 'user1', comment: 'Nice'}
        ]},
        { id: 3, title: 'Photo 4', description: 'description for photo 4', imageName: 'image4.jpg', comments:[
            {name: 'user1', comment: 'Nice'},
            { name:'User2', comment:'Very good'},
            { name:'User3', comment:'So so'}
        ]}
    ];

    //给子state下controller中的photos赋值
    this.pullData = function(){
        $scope.$$childTail.ctrPhotoList.photos = this.photos;
    }
}]);

//别名：ctrPhotoList
photoGallery.controller('PhotoListController',['$scope','$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.reading = false;
    this.photos = new Array();

    this.init = function(){
        this.reading = true;
        setTimeout(function(){
            $scope.$apply(function(){
                $scope.ctrPhotoList.getData();
            });
        }, 1500);
    }

    this.getData = function(){

        //调用父state中controller中的方法
        $scope.$parent.ctrPhoto.pullData();

        /*this.photos = $scope.$parent.ctrPhoto.photos;*/
        this.reading = false;

    }
}]);


//别名：ctrPhotoDetail
photoGallery.controller('PhotoDetailController',['$scope', '$state', function($scope,$state){

}]);

以上，通过$scope.$$childTail.ctrPhotoList在父state中的controller中拿到子state中的controller；通过$scope.$parent.ctrPhoto在子state中的controller中拿到父state中的controller。

photos-list.html

<h1>photos-list</h1>
<div ng-init="ctrPhotoList.init()">
  <div style="margin:auto;  40px;" ng-if="ctrPhotoList.reading">
    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-5x fa-pulse"></i>
  </div>

  <div class="well well-sm" ng-repeat="photo in ctrPhotoList.photos">
    <div class="media">
      <div class="media-left" style="15%;">
        <a ui-sref="content.photos.detail">
          <img class="img-responsive img-rounded" src="../asserts/images/{{photo.imageName}}" alt="">
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="media-body">
        <h4 class="media-heading">{{photo.title}}</h4>
        {{photo.description}}
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

■ state间如何传路由参数

在content.photos.detail这个state设置接收一个路由参数。

.state('content.photos.detail',{
    url: '/detail/:id',
    templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail.html',
    controller: 'PhotoDetailController',
    controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoDetail'
})

photos-list.html 送出一个路由参数

<h1>photos-list</h1>
<div ng-init="ctrPhotoList.init()">
  <div style="margin:auto;  40px;" ng-if="ctrPhotoList.reading">
    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-5x fa-pulse"></i>
  </div>

  <div class="well well-sm" ng-repeat="photo in ctrPhotoList.photos">
    <div class="media">
      <div class="media-left" style="15%;">
        <a ui-sref="content.photos.detail({id:photo.id})">
          <img class="img-responsive img-rounded" src="../asserts/images/{{photo.imageName}}" alt="">
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="media-body">
        <h4 class="media-heading">{{photo.title}}</h4>
        {{photo.description}}
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

以上，通过<a ui-sref="content.photos.detail({id:photo.id})">把路由参数送出。

controller.js PhotoDetailController控制器通过$stateParams获取路由参数

...
//别名：ctrPhotoDetail
photosGallery.controller('PhotoDetailController', ['$scope', '$state', '$stateParams',
    function($scope, $state, $stateParams){

        var id = null;
        this.photo = null;
        this.init = function(){
            id = parseInt($stateParams.id);
            this.photo = $scope.ctrPhoto.photos[id];
        }

    }
]);

photos-detail.html 从以上的PhotoDetailController中获取数据。

<h1>photo-details</h1>
<a class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment">通过相对路径去子state</a>
<a ui-sref="content.photos.list" style="margin-left: 15px;">
  <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left fa-2x"></i>
</a>

<div ng-init="ctrPhotoDetail.init()">
  <img class="img-responsive img-rounded" ng-src="../assets/images/{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.imageName}}"
       style="margin:auto;  60%;">
  <div class="well well-sm" style="margin:auto;  60%; margin-top: 15px;">
    <h4>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.title}}</h4>
    <p>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.description}}</p>
  </div>

  <div style="margin:auto;  80%; margin-bottom: 15px;">
    <button style="margin-top: 10px; 100%;"
            class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment">Comments</button>
  </div>
</div>


<div ui-view></div>

■ state间如何传字符串参数

在路由中这样设置：

.state('content.photos.detail.comment',{
    url:'/comment?skip&limit',
    templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail-comment.html',
    controller: 'PhotoCommentController',
    controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoComment'
})

controllers.js 中修改如下

photoGallery.controller('HomeController',['$scope', '$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.message = 'Welcome to the Photo Gallery';
}]);

//别名：ctrPhoto
photoGallery.controller('PhotoController',['$scope','$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.photos = [
        { id: 0, title: 'Photo 1', description: 'description for photo 1', imageName: 'image1.JPG', comments:[
            { name:'User1', comment: 'Nice', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User2', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User3', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User4', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User5', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User6', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User7', comment:'So so', imageName: 'man.png'}
        ]},
        { id: 1, title: 'Photo 2', description: 'description for photo 2', imageName: 'image2.JPG', comments:[
            { name:'User1', comment: 'Nice', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User2', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User3', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User4', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'woman.png'}
        ]},
        { id: 2, title: 'Photo 3', description: 'description for photo 3', imageName: 'image3.JPG', comments:[
            { name:'User1', comment: 'Nice', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User2', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User3', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User4', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User5', comment:'Very good', imageName: 'man.png'},
            { name:'User6', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User7', comment:'So so', imageName: 'man.png'}
        ]},
        { id: 3, title: 'Photo 4', description: 'description for photo 4', imageName: 'image4.JPG', comments:[
            { name:'User6', comment:'Nice', imageName: 'woman.png'},
            { name:'User7', comment:'So so', imageName: 'man.png'}
        ]}
    ];

    //给子state下controller中的photos赋值
    this.pullData = function(){
        $scope.$$childTail.ctrPhotoList.photos = this.photos;
    }
}]);

//别名：ctrPhotoList
photoGallery.controller('PhotoListController',['$scope','$state', function($scope, $state){
    this.reading = false;
    this.photos = new Array();

    this.init = function(){
        this.reading = true;
        setTimeout(function(){
            $scope.$apply(function(){
                $scope.ctrPhotoList.getData();
            });
        }, 1500);
    }

    this.getData = function(){

        //调用父state中controller中的方法
        $scope.$parent.ctrPhoto.pullData();

        /*this.photos = $scope.$parent.ctrPhoto.photos;*/
        this.reading = false;

    }
}]);


//别名：ctrPhotoDetail
photoGallery.controller('PhotoDetailController', ['$scope', '$state', '$stateParams',
    function($scope, $state, $stateParams){

        var id = null;
        this.photo = null;
        this.init = function(){
            id = parseInt($stateParams.id);
            this.photo = $scope.ctrPhoto.photos[id];
        }

    }
]);


photoGallery.controller('PhotoCommentController', ['$scope', '$state', '$stateParams',
    function($scope, $state, $stateParams){
        var id, skip, limit = null;
        this.comments = new Array();

        this.init = function(){
            id = parseInt($stateParams.id);
            var photo = $scope.ctrPhoto.photos[id];


            if($stateParams.skip){
                skip = parseInt($stateParams.skip);
            }else{
                skip = 0;
            }

            if($stateParams.limit){
                limit = parseInt($stateParams.limit);
            }else{
                limit = photo.comments.length;
            }

            this.comments = photo.comments.slice(skip, limit);

        }
    }
]);

也就是，$stateParams不仅可以接收路由参数，还可以接收查询字符串参数。

photo-detail.html 需要把查询字符串参数传递出去

<h1>photo-details</h1>
<a class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment">通过相对路径去子state</a>
<a ui-sref="content.photos.list" style="margin-left: 15px;">
  <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left fa-2x"></i>
</a>

<div ng-init="ctrPhotoDetail.init()">
  <img class="img-responsive img-rounded" ng-src="../assets/images/{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.imageName}}"
       style="margin:auto;  60%;">
  <div class="well well-sm" style="margin:auto;  60%; margin-top: 15px;">
    <h4>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.title}}</h4>
    <p>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.description}}</p>
  </div>

  <div style="margin:auto;  80%; margin-bottom: 15px;">
    <button style="margin-top: 10px; 100%;"
            class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment({skip:0, limit:2})">Comments</button>
  </div>
</div>


<div ui-view></div>

以上，通过ui-sref=".comment({skip:0, limit:2})把查询字符串传递出去。

photos-detail-comment.html

<h1>photos-detail-comment</h1>

<div ng-init="ctrPhotoComment.init()" style="margin-top:15px;">
  <div ng-repeat="comment in ctrPhotoComment.comments" class="well well-sm" style="margin: auto;  60%;">
    <div class="media">
      <div class="media-left media-middle">
        <a href="">
          <img class="img-circle" style="60px;" src="../assets/images/{{comment.imageName}}" alt="">
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="media-body">
        <h4 class="media-heading">{{comment.name}}</h4>
        {{comment.comment}}
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

■ state间如何传递对象

通过data属性，把一个对象赋值给它。

.state('content',{
    url: '/',
    abstract: true,
    data:{
        user: "user",
        password: "1234"
    },
    views:{
        "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
        "header@content":{templateUrl: 'partials/header.html'},
    }
})

给header.html加上一个对应的控制器，并提供注销方法。

$stateProvider
    .state('content',{
        url: '/',
        abstract: true,
        data:{
            user: "user",
            password: "1234"
        },
        views:{
            "":{templateUrl: 'partials/content.html'},
            "header@content":{
                templateUrl: 'partials/header.html',
                controller: function($scope, $rootScope, $state){
                    $scope.logoff = function(){
                        $rootScope.user = null;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    })

添加一个有关登录页的state

.state('content.login',{
    url:'login',
    data:{
        loginError: 'User or password incorrect.'
    },
    views:{
        "body@content" :{
            templateUrl: 'partials/login.html',
            controller: function($scope, $rootScope, $state){
                $scope.login = function(user, password, valid){
                    if(!valid){
                        return;
                    }

                    if($state.current.data.user === user && $state.current.data.password === password){
                        $rootScope.user = {
                            name: $state.current.data.user
                        }

                        // Or Inherited

                        /*$rootScope.user = {
                            name: $state.$current.parent.data.user
                        };*/

                        $state.go('content.home');                            
                    }else{
                        $scope.message = $state.current.data.loginError;
                    }

                }
            }
        }
    }

})

添加login.html文件，现在的文件结构为：

asserts/
.....css/
.....images/
..........image1.jpg
..........image2.jpg
..........image3.jpg
..........image4.jpg
node_modules/
partials/
.....about.html
.....home.html
.....photos.html
.....content.html
.....header.html
.....photos-list.html
.....photo-detail.html
.....photos-detail-comment.html
.....login.html
app.js
index.html

login.html

<form name="form" ng-submit="login(user, password, form.$valid)">
    <div class="panel panel-primary" style="360px; margin: auto;">
        <div class="panel-heading">
            <h3 class="panel-title">Indentification</h3>
        </div>
        <div class="panel-body">
            <input name="user" type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="user" placeholder="User ..." required>
            <span ng-show="form.user.$error.required && form.user.$dirty" class="label label-danger">Enter the user</span>
            <hr>
            <input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" ng-model="password" placeholder="Password ..." required>
            <span ng-show="form.password.$error.required && form.password.$dirty" class="label label-danger">Enter the password</span>            
        </div>
        <div class="panel-footer">
            <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Login</button>
            <button class="btn btn-default" type="reset">Reset</button>
            <span class="label label-danger">{{message}}</span>            
        </div>    
    </div>
</form>

header.html 修改如下

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button class="navbar-toggle collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">            
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" ui-sref="content.home">Home</a>
        </div>

        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li>
                    <a ui-sref="content.photos.list">Photos</a>    
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a ui-sref="content.about">About</a>    
                </li> 
          </ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">                
                <li ng-if="user.name" class="dropdown">
                    <a class="dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-expanded="false" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown">{{user.name}} <span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
                        <li><a ui-sref="content.home" ng-click="logoff()">Sing out</a></li>                        
                    </ul>                    
                </li>                                
                <li ng-if="!user.name">
                    <a ui-sref="content.login">Sing In</a>
                </li>                    
            </ul>    
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

■ onEnter和onExit事件

.state('content.photos.detail',{
    url: '/detail/:id',
    templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail.html',
    controller: 'PhotoDetailController',
    controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoDetail',
    resolve:{
        viewing: function($stateParams){
            return{
                photoId: $stateParams.id
            }
        }
    },
    onEnter: function(viewing){

        var photo = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(viewing.photoId));
        if(!photo){
            photo = {
                views: 1,
                viewing: 1
            }
        }else{
            photo.views = photo.views + 1;
            photo.viewing = photo.viewing + 1;
        }

        sessionStorage.setItem(viewing.photoId, JSON.stringify(photo));

    },
    onExit: function(viewing){
        var photo = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(viewing.photoId));
        photo.viewing = photo.viewing - 1;
        sessionStorage.setItem(viewing.photoId, JSON.stringify(photo));
    }
})

在PhotoDetailController中：

photoGallery.controller('PhotoDetailController', ['$scope', '$state', '$stateParams',
    function($scope, $state, $stateParams){

        var id = null;
        this.photo = null;
        this.viewObj = null;
        this.init = function(){
            id = parseInt($stateParams.id);
            this.photo = $scope.ctrPhoto.photos[id];
            this.viewObj = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem($stateParams.id));
        }

    }
]);

photos-detail.html

<h1>photo-details</h1>
<a class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment">通过相对路径去子state</a>
<a ui-sref="content.photos.list" style="margin-left: 15px;">
  <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left fa-2x"></i>
</a>

<div ng-init="ctrPhotoDetail.init()">
  <img class="img-responsive img-rounded" ng-src="../assets/images/{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.imageName}}"
       style="margin:auto;  60%;">
  <div class="well well-sm" style="margin:auto;  60%; margin-top: 15px;">
    <div class="well well-sm pull-right" style=" 100px;">
      <i>Views <span class="badge">{{ctrPhotoDetail.viewObj.views}}</span></i>
    </div>
    <div class="well well-sm pull-right" style=" 110px;">
      <i>Viewing <span class="badge">{{ctrPhotoDetail.viewObj.viewing}}</span></i>
    </div>

    <h4>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.title}}</h4>
    <p>{{ctrPhotoDetail.photo.description}}</p>
  </div>

  <div style="margin:auto;  80%; margin-bottom: 15px;">
    <button style="margin-top: 10px; 100%;"
            class="btn btn-default" ui-sref=".comment({skip:0, limit:2})">Comments</button>
  </div>
</div>


<div ui-view></div>

■ StateChangeStart事件

controller.js 增加如下

photoGallery.controller('RootController', ['$scope', '$state', '$rootScope',
    function($scope, $state, $rootScope){
        $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart',
            function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                if(toState.data.required && !$rootScope.user){
                    event.preventDefault();
                    $state.go('content.login');
                }
            });

    }
]);

修改content这个state:

.state('content',{
    url:'/',
    abstract: true,
    data:{
        user: "user",
        password: "1234"
    },
    views:{
        "":{
            templateUrl: 'partials/content.html',
            controller: 'RootController'
        },
        "header@content":{
            templateUrl: 'partials/header.html',
            controller: function($scope, $rootScope, $state){
                $scope.logoff = function(){
                    $rootScope.user = null;
                }
            }
        }
    }

})

content.photos.detail这个state

    .state('content.photos.detail',{
        url:'/detail/:id',
        templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail.html',
        controller: 'PhotoDetailController',
        controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoDetail',
        data:{
            required: true
        },
        resolve:{
            viewing: function($stateParams){
                return{
                    photoId: $stateParams.id
                }
            }
        },
        onEnter: function(viewing){
            
            var photo = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(viewing.photoId));
            if(!photo){
                photo = {
                    views: 1,
                    viewing: 1
                }
            }else{
                photo.views = photo.views + 1;
                photo.viewing = photo.viewing + 1;
            }
            
            sessionStorage.setItem(viewing.photoId, JSON.stringify(photo));
            
        },
        onExit: function(viewing){
            var photo = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(viewing.photoId));
            photo.viewing = photo.viewing - 1;
            sessionStorage.setItem(viewing.photoId, JSON.stringify(photo));
        }
    })

以上，添加了
data:{
   required: true
}

同理，content.photos.detail.comment这个state

.state('content.photos.detail.comment',{
        url:'/comment?skip&limit',
        templateUrl: 'partials/photos-detail-comment.html',
        controller: 'PhotoCommentController',
        controllerAs: 'ctrPhotoComment',
        data:{
            required: true
        }
    })

■ StateNotFound事件

photosGallery.controller('RootController', ['$scope', '$state', '$rootScope',
            function($scope, $state, $rootScope){
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                    
                    if(toState.data.required && !$rootScope.user){
                        event.preventDefault();
                        $state.go('content.login');
                        return;
                    }    
                    
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateNotFound', 
                function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
                    event.preventDefault();
                    $state.go('content.notfound');
                });
            }
]);

添加一个state:

    .state('content.notfound',{
        url:'notfound',
        views: {
            "body@content": {templateUrl: 'partials/page-not-found.html'}    
        }        
    })

page-not-found.html

<div class="well well-sm" style="margin: 20px;">
    <i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-4x pull-left"></i><h3>404 - Sorry! Not found your page.</h3>
</div>

■ StateChangeSuccess事件

photosGallery.controller('RootController', ['$scope', '$state', '$rootScope',
            function($scope, $state, $rootScope){
                
                $rootScope.accessLog = new Array();
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                    
                    if(toState.data.required && !$rootScope.user){
                        event.preventDefault();
                        $state.go('content.login');
                        return;
                    }    
                    
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateNotFound', 
                function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
                    event.preventDefault();
                    $state.go('content.notfound');
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                    $rootScope.accessLog.push({
                        user: $rootScope.user,
                        from: fromState.name,
                        to: toState.name,
                        date: new Date()
                    });
                });
                
            }
]);

添加一个state

    .state('content.log',{
        url:'log',
        data:{
            required: true
        },
        views: {
            "body@content": {templateUrl: 'partials/log.html'}    
        }        
    })

log.html

<h1><i class="fa fa-file-text-o"></i> Access Log</h1>
<div style="margin:auto;  380px;">
    <div class="well well-sm" ng-repeat="log in accessLog track by $index">
        <i class="fa fa-pencil fa-2x pull-left"></i>
        {{log.user ? log.user.name: 'anonymous'}} in {{log.date | date: 'longDate'}} at {{log.date | date: 'shortTime'}}
        <p>From: {{log.from}} => to: {{log.to}}</p>
    </div>
</div>

■ StateChangeError事件

photosGallery.controller('RootController', ['$scope', '$state', '$rootScope',
            function($scope, $state, $rootScope){
                
                $rootScope.accessLog = new Array();
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                    
                    if(toState.data.required && !$rootScope.user){
                        event.preventDefault();
                        $state.go('content.login');
                        return;
                    }    
                    
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateNotFound', 
                function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
                    event.preventDefault();
                    $state.go('content.notfound');
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
                     $rootScope.accessLog.push({
                         user: $rootScope.user,
                         from: fromState.name,
                         to: toState.name,
                         date: new Date()
                     });
                });
                
                $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeError', 
                function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams, error){
                    event.preventDefault();
                    $state.go('content.error', {error: error});
                });
                
            }
]);

添加2个state:

    .state('content.profile', {
        url:'profile',
        data:{
            required: true
        },
        resolve:{
            showError: function(){
                throw 'Error in code.';
            }
        },
        views:{
            "body@content": {template: '<div>Error</div>'}
        }    
    })
    
 .state('content.error',{
        url:'error/:error',
        views:{
            "body@content":{
                templateUrl: 'partials/error.html',
                controller: function($scope, $stateParams){
                    $scope.error = {
                        message: $stateParams.error
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    })

error.html

<div class="well well-sm" style="margin: 20px;">
    <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-2x"> Sorry! But this message was displayed: {{error.message}}</i>
</div>

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/darrenji/p/5167999.html