python之类(class)的笔记

# __*__ coding: utf-8 __*__
# __author__ = "David.z"

# dict ={
#     1:{"name":"alex",
#        "role":"terrorist",
#        "weapon":"C33",
#        "life_value":"100",
#        "money":15000,},
#     1:{"name":"alex",
#        "role":"terrorist",
#        "weapon":"C33",
#        "life_value":"100",
#        "money":15000,},
#     2:{"name":"tom",
#        "role":"terrorist",
#        "weapon":"B25",
#        "life_value":"100",
#        "money":15000,},
#     3:{"name":"jack",
#        "role":"police",
#        "weapon":"B51",
#        "life_value":"100",
#        "money":15000,},
#     4:{"name":"lily",
#        "role":"police",
#        "weapon":"G31",
#        "life_value":"100",
#        "money":15000,},
# }
# print(dict[1])
# print(dict[2])
# print(dict[3])
# print(dict[4])
class Role(object):
    n=123
    n_list=[]

    def __init__(self,name,role,weapon,life_value=100,money=15000):
        #构造函数
        #在实例化时做一些类的初始化的工作
        self.name = name
        self.role = role
        self.weapon = weapon
        self.__life_value = life_value#这个是一个私有属性，如果要调用，需要在里面在加一个方法调用，如def show_status()
        
        self.money = money
    def __del__(self):
        pass
        #print("%s彻底死了。。。"%self.name)
    def show_status(self): #这里就是我在调用私有属性，同理，如果要用私有方法，也是加__
        print("name:%s weapon:%s life_value:%s"%(self.name,
                                                     self.weapon,
                                                     self.__life_value
                                                 ))
        return "hello"
    def shot(self):
        print("%s shooting..."%self.name)

    def got_shot(self):
        print("ah...,%s got shot..."%self.name)

    def buy_gun(self,gun_name):
        print("%s just bought %s"%(self.name,gun_name))

r1 = Role('Alex',"police",'AK47') #实例化，（初始化一个类，造了一个对象）
r1.n="r1变量改了"
r1.n_list.append("r1添加")

r2 = Role('Jack',"terrorist",'B22') #生成一个角色
r2.n="r2变量改了"
Role.n = "类变量改了"
r2.n_list.append("r2添加")
print(r1.show_status())
# print(Role.n,r1.got_shot(),r1.n)
# print("类:",Role.n_list)
# print("r1:",r1.n_list)
# print("r2:",r2.n_list)
# print(Role.n,r2.buy_gun("狙击"),r2.n)

今天开始学习面向对象和面向过程的两种编程方式。

其实我们之前开始写的脚本类的编程，都可以叫做面向对象的编程。

那么什么面向对象，借用Alex的话，世间万物都有是有类可以分的。这里我们就引出了类。

面向对象包括：对象、封装、继承、多态的特性。

类里面我们说有对象和实例化。还包括构造函数和析构函数。

构造函数： def __init__(self):

析构函数： def __del__(self):

然后讲到了类的继承。

比如有一个父类People ，两个子类，一个Man ，一个Women。

我们说子类可以调用父类里的方法，当子类和父类的方法有同名时，也可以可以通过

把父类的方法先传进去。

但是两个子类直接的方法的是不可以调用的。

# __*__ coding: utf-8 __*__
# __author__ = "David.z"
class People:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def eat(self):
        print("%s is eating..."%self.name)
    def sleep(self):
        print("%s is sleeping..."%self.name)
    def talk(self):
        print("%s is talking..."%self.name)

class Man(People): #继承父类
    def piao(self):
        print("%s is piaoing......20s....done"%self.name)

    def sleep(self):
        People.sleep(self) #把父类方法线传进去
        print("子类man is sleeping")

class Woman(People):
    def get_birth(self):
        print("%s is born a baby..."%self.name)
m1 = Man("ZhangSan",22)
m1.eat()
m1.sleep()
m1.piao()
w1 = Woman("ChenRonghua",26)
w1.get_birth()

 其实这种是单继承，还有多继承，就是继承2个类或者多个类。

如代码

# __*__ coding: utf-8 __*__
# __author__ = "David.z"
# class People:#经典类

class People(object):#新式类

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def eat(self):
        print("%s is eating..."%self.name)
    def sleep(self):
        print("%s is sleeping..."%self.name)
    def talk(self):
        print("%s is talking..."%self.name)

class Relation(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print (self.name)

    friends = []
    def make_friends(self,obj):
        print("%s is making friends with %s "%(self.name,obj.name))
        self.friends.append(obj)

class Man(People,Relation): #继承父类
    # def __init__(self,name,age,money):
    #     # People.__init__(self,name,age)
    #     super(Man, self).__init__(name,age)#继承父类的，可以上面那样写，也可以这样写，新式类写法
    #     self.money = money
    #     print ("%s 一出生就有%s 元钱"%(self.name,self.money))
    def piao(self):
        print("%s is piaoing......20s....done"%self.name)

    def sleep(self):
        People.sleep(self) #把父类方法线传进去
        print("子类man is sleeping")

class Woman(People,Relation):
    def get_birth(self):
        print("%s is born a baby..."%self.name)
m1 = Man("ZhangSan",22)
# m1.eat()
#
# m1.sleep()
# m1.piao()

w1 = Woman("ChenRonghua",26)
w1.get_birth()
m1.make_friends(w1)
w1.name = "陈三炮"
print(m1.friends[0].name)

这里说一下py2和py3还有新式类和经典类的继承方式。

里面包含两个概念，广度优先和深度优先。

默认py3里面经典类和新式类都是广度优先的方式。

而py2里面经典类是深度优先，新式类才是广度优先。

如图。

class A(object):#现在是py3,也可以变成新式类加object
    def __init__(self):
        print("A")
class B(A):
    pass
    # def __init__(self):
    #     print("B")
class C(A):
    # pass
    def __init__(self):
        print("C")
class D(B,C):
    pass
    # def __init__(self):
    #     print("D")

obj = A()
obj = B()
obj = C()
obj = D()