k8s 测试常用命令总结

K8s常用命令操作
https://www.cnblogs.com/effortsing/p/10307820.html

目录

• 一、kubectl命令补全
• 二、启动状态
• 三、kubectl 常用命令操作
  • 查看类命令-kubectl get|logs|describe
  • 操作类命令-kubectl create|apply|replace|delete
• 四、kubectl进阶命令操作
• 五、etcdctl 常用操作

一、kubectl命令补全

1、master安装命令补全，并临时生效

yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion

2、永久生效

source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

二、启动状态

1、master节点

更改配置文件，重新加载

systemctl daemon-reload

启动master相关组件

systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-scheduler

停止master相关组件

systemctl stop kube-apiserver
systemctl stop kube-controller-manager
systemctl stop kube-scheduler

重启master相关组件

systemctl restart kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

查看master相关组件状态

systemctl status kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-scheduler

2、etcd服务

更改配置后，重新加载
systemctl daemon-reload

启动etcd服务
systemctl start etcd.service

停止etcd服务
systemctl stop etcd.service

重启etcd服务
systemctl restart etcd.service

查看etcd服务状态
systemctl status etcd.service

3、worker节点

更改配置后，重启加载
systemctl daemon-reload

启动worker端相关组件

systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl start docker
systemctl start kubelet

停止worker端相关组件

systemctl stop kube-proxy
systemctl stop docker
systemctl stop kubelet

重启worker端相关组件

systemctl restart kube-proxy
systemctl restart docker
systemctl restart kubelet

查看worker端相关组件状态

systemctl status kube-proxy
systemctl status docker
systemctl status kubelet

三、kubectl 常用命令操作

帮助信息
kubectl -h 查看具体操作参数

kubectl可以操作的资源

**Valid resource types include: **

  * all  
  * certificatesigningrequests (aka 'csr')  
  * clusterrolebindings  
  * clusterroles  
  * componentstatuses (aka 'cs')  
  * configmaps (aka 'cm')  
  * controllerrevisions  
  * cronjobs  
  * customresourcedefinition (aka 'crd')  
  * daemonsets (aka 'ds')  
  * deployments (aka 'deploy')  
  * endpoints (aka 'ep')  
  * events (aka 'ev')  
  * horizontalpodautoscalers (aka 'hpa')  
  * ingresses (aka 'ing')  
  * jobs  
  * limitranges (aka 'limits')  
  * namespaces (aka 'ns')  
  * networkpolicies (aka 'netpol')  
  * nodes (aka 'no')  
  * persistentvolumeclaims (aka 'pvc')  
  * persistentvolumes (aka 'pv')  
  * poddisruptionbudgets (aka 'pdb')  
  * podpreset  
  * pods (aka 'po')  
  * podsecuritypolicies (aka 'psp')  
  * podtemplates  
  * replicasets (aka 'rs')  
  * replicationcontrollers (aka 'rc')  
  * resourcequotas (aka 'quota')  
  * rolebindings  
  * roles  
  * secrets  
  * serviceaccounts (aka 'sa')  
  * services (aka 'svc')  
  * statefulsets (aka 'sts')  
  * storageclasses (aka 'sc')

获取具体操作的帮助信息

kubectl get
[(-o|--output=)json|yaml|wide|custom-columns=...|custom-columns-file=...|go-template=...|go-template-file=...|jsonpath=...|jsonpath-file=...]
(TYPE [NAME | -l label] | TYPE/NAME ...) [flags] [options]

查看类命令-kubectl get|logs|describe

获取节点相应服务的信息

kubectl get nodes

kubectl get pods

按selector名来查找pod
kubectl get pod --selector name=redis

查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info

查看各组件信息
kubectl -s http://localhost:8080 get componentstatuses

查看pods所在的运行节点
kubectl get pods -o wide

查看pods定义的详细信息
kubectl get pods -o yaml

查看运行的pod的环境变量
kubectl exec pod名 env

查看指定pod的日志

kubectl logs -f pods/heapster-xxxxx -n kube-system

查看pod

kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system

kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

查看svc

kubectl get svc -n kube-system

kubectl get services -n kube-system

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

查看 服务分配到了哪个pod上

kubectl get pod -o wide -n kube-system

获取ingress的host名字,

kubectl get ing -n kube-system

在容器外查看k8s容器内部文件

kubectl exec -it jenkins-cd8d886f9-jg7bv -- cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword
73bbc8f776d141c982da7919006f0785

操作类命令-kubectl create|apply|replace|delete

创建资源

kubectl create -f 文件名.yaml

重建资源

kubectl replace -f 文件名  [--force]

删除资源

kubectl delete -f 文件名
kubectl delete pod pod名
kubectl delete rc rc名
kubectl delete service service名
kubectl delete pod --all

强制删除

kubectl delete pod coredns-65f84dd9fc-57p42 -n kube-system --grace-period=0 --force
kubectl delete pod coredns-65f84dd9fc-57p42 -n kube-system --now
kubectl delete rc kube-dns-v20 --force=true --grace-period=0 --namespace=kube-system

pod无法删除解决

重启这个pod对应的node上的docker

实在不行，重启这三台

重启不管用 就改下delpoment的名字重新创建

四、kubectl进阶命令操作

1、kubectl get：获取指定资源的基本信息

kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system #查看所有service
kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system #查看所有发布
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces #查看所有pod
kubectl get pods -o wide --all-namespaces #查看所有pod的IP及节点
kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dashboard
kubectl get nodes -lzone #获取zone的节点

2、kubectl describe：查看指定资源详细描述信息

kubectl describe service/kubernetes-dashboard --namespace="kube-system"
kubectl describe pods/kubernetes-dashboard-349859023-g6q8c --namespace="kube-system" #指定类型查看
kubectl describe pod nginx-772ai #查看pod详细信息

3、kubectl scale：动态伸缩

kubectl scale rc nginx --replicas=5 # 动态伸缩
kubectl scale deployment redis-slave --replicas=5 #动态伸缩
kubectl scale --replicas=2 -f redis-slave-deployment.yaml #动态伸缩

4、kubectl exec：进入pod启动的容器

kubectl exec -it redis-master-1033017107-q47hh -n kube-system -- /bin/bash #进入容器

5、kubectl label：添加label值

kubectl label nodes node1 zone=north #增加节点lable值 spec.nodeSelector: zone: north #指定pod在哪个节点
kubectl label pod redis-master-1033017107-q47hh role=master #增加lable值 [key]=[value]
kubectl label pod redis-master-1033017107-q47hh role- #删除lable值
kubectl label pod redis-master-1033017107-q47hh role=backend --overwrite #修改lable值

6、kubectl rolling-update：滚动升级

kubectl rolling-update redis-master -f redis-master-controller-v2.yaml #配置文件滚动升级
kubectl rolling-update redis-master --image=redis-master:2.0 #命令升级
kubectl rolling-update redis-master --image=redis-master:1.0 --rollback #pod版本回滚

五、etcdctl 常用操作

etcdctl cluster-health #检查网络集群健康状态
etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.71.221:2379 cluster-health #带有安全认证检查网络集群健康状态
etcdctl member list
etcdctl set /k8s/network/config '{ "Network": "10.1.0.0/16" }'
etcdctl get /k8s/network/config