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  • python 实现爬取网站下所有URL

    • python3.6
    • requests && bs4
    • 采用递归方法,最终爬取网站所有链接

    获取首页元素信息:

    目标 test_URL:http://www.xxx.com.cn/
    首先检查元素,a 标签下是我们需要爬取得链接,通过获取链接路径,定位出我们需要的信息

    soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
    urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")

    首页的URL链接获取:

    完成首页的URL链接获取,具体代码如下:

    def get_first_url():
        list_href = []
        reaponse = requests.get("http://www.xxx.com.cn", headers=headers)
        soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
        urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")
        for url_li in urls_li:
            urls = url_li.select("a")
            for url in urls:
                url_href = url.get("href")
                list_href.append(head_url+url_href)
                out_url = list(set(list_href))
        for reg in out_url:
            print(reg)

    遍历第一次返回的结果:

    从第二步获取URL的基础上,遍历请求每个页面,获取页面中的URL链接,过滤掉不需要的信息
    具体代码如下:

    def get_next_url(urllist):
        url_list = []
        for url in urllist:
            response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
            soup = Bs4(response.text,"lxml")
            urls = soup.find_all("a")
            if urls:
                for url2 in urls:
                    url2_1 = url2.get("href")
                    if url2_1:
                        if url2_1[0] == "/":
                            url2_1 = head_url + url2_1
                            url_list.append(url2_1)
                            if url2_1[0:24] == "http://www.xxx.com.cn":
                                url2_1 = url2_1
                                url_list.append(url2_1)
                            else:
                                pass
                        else:
                            pass
                    else:
                        pass
            else:
                pass
        url_list2 = set(url_list)
        for url_ in url_list2:
            res = requests.get(url_)
            if res.status_code ==200:
                print(url_)
        print(len(url_list2))
    

    递归循环遍历:

    递归实现爬取所有url,在get_next_url()函数中调用自身,代码如下:

    get_next_url(url_list2)
    

    全部代码如下:

    #!/usr/bin/env python 
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    import requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as Bs4
    
    head_url = "http://www.xxx.com.cn"
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36"
    }
    def get_first_url():
        list_href = []
        reaponse = requests.get(head_url, headers=headers)
        soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
        urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")
        for url_li in urls_li:
            urls = url_li.select("a")
            for url in urls:
                url_href = url.get("href")
                list_href.append(head_url+url_href)
                out_url = list(set(list_href))
        return out_url
    
    
    def get_next_url(urllist):
        url_list = []
        for url in urllist:
            response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
            soup = Bs4(response.text,"lxml")
            urls = soup.find_all("a")
            if urls:
                for url2 in urls:
                    url2_1 = url2.get("href")
                    if url2_1:
                        if url2_1[0] == "/":
                            url2_1 = head_url + url2_1
                            url_list.append(url2_1)
                            if url2_1[0:24] == "http://www.xxx.com.cn":
                                url2_1 = url2_1
                                url_list.append(url2_1)
                            else:
                                pass
                        else:
                            pass
                    else:
                        pass
            else:
                pass
        url_list2 = set(url_list)
        for url_ in url_list2:
            res = requests.get(url_)
            if res.status_code ==200:
                print(url_)
        print(len(url_list2))
        get_next_url(url_list2)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        urllist = get_first_url()
        get_next_url(urllist)
    

    小结:

    刚开始学习写python脚本,有不足之处,多多指导,有一个小bug,后期会进一步完善。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dddjh/p/10753588.html
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