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  • Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市(十二)

    目录

    生鲜超市(一)    生鲜超市(二)    生鲜超市(三)   

    生鲜超市(四)    生鲜超市(五)    生鲜超市(六)   

    生鲜超市(七)    生鲜超市(八)    生鲜超市(九)   

    生鲜超市(十)    生鲜超市(十一)    生鲜超市(十二)    生鲜超市(十三)   

    代码下载

    github

    教程

    学习自慕课网-前端vue结合后端DjangoFramework的在线生鲜超市 

    十三、首页、商品数量、缓存和限速功能开发

     13.1.轮播图接口实现

    首先把pycharm环境改成本地的,vue中local_host也改成本地 

    (1)goods/serializer

    class BannerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        '''
        轮播图
        '''
        class Meta:
            model = Banner
            fields = "__all__"

    (2)goods/views.py

    class BannerViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
        """
        首页轮播图
        """
        queryset = Banner.objects.all().order_by("index")
        serializer_class = BannerSerializer

    (3)url

    # 配置首页轮播图的url
    router.register(r'banners', BannerViewset, base_name="banners")

    在后台添加首页轮播图图片

     13.2.新品接口功能开发

    在设计Goods model时候有一个字段is_new

    is_new = models.BooleanField("是否新品",default=False)

    实现这个接口只要在goods/filters/GoodsFilter里面添加一个过滤就可以了

        class Meta:
            model = Goods
            fields = ['pricemin', 'pricemax','is_hot','is_new']

    在后台设置几个商品 is_new

    13.3.首页商品分类显示功能

     首先是大类,然后里面有

    • 商品商标(多个)
    • 大类下的二级类
    • 广告商品
    • 所有商品

    (1)goods/serializers.py

    class BrandSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        '''
        大类下面的宣传商标
        '''
        class Meta:
            model = GoodsCategoryBrand
            fields = "__all__"
    
    
    class IndexCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        #某个大类的商标,可以有多个商标,一对多的关系
        brands = BrandSerializer(many=True)
        # good有一个外键category,但这个外键指向的是三级类,直接反向通过外键category(三级类),取某个大类下面的商品是取不出来的
        goods = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
        # 在parent_category字段中定义的related_name="sub_cat"
        # 取二级商品分类
        sub_cat = CategorySerializer2(many=True)
        # 广告商品
        ad_goods = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    
        def get_ad_goods(self, obj):
            goods_json = {}
            ad_goods = IndexAd.objects.filter(category_id=obj.id, )
            if ad_goods:
                #取到这个商品Queryset[0]
                good_ins = ad_goods[0].goods
                #在serializer里面调用serializer的话,就要添加一个参数context(上下文request),嵌套serializer必须加
                # serializer返回的时候一定要加 “.data” ,这样才是json数据
                goods_json = GoodsSerializer(good_ins, many=False, context={'request': self.context['request']}).data
            return goods_json
    
        #自定义获取方法
        def get_goods(self, obj):
            # 将这个商品相关父类子类等都可以进行匹配
            all_goods = Goods.objects.filter(Q(category_id=obj.id) | Q(category__parent_category_id=obj.id) | Q(
                category__parent_category__parent_category_id=obj.id))
            goods_serializer = GoodsSerializer(all_goods, many=True, context={'request': self.context['request']})
            return goods_serializer.data
    
        class Meta:
            model = GoodsCategory
            fields = "__all__"

    (2)goods/views.py

    class IndexCategoryViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
        """
        首页商品分类数据
        """
        # 获取is_tab=True(导航栏)里面的分类下的商品数据
        queryset = GoodsCategory.objects.filter(is_tab=True, name__in=["生鲜食品", "酒水饮料"])
        serializer_class = IndexCategorySerializer

    (3)url

    # 首页系列商品展示url
    router.register(r'indexgoods', IndexCategoryViewset, base_name="indexgoods")

    13.4.商品点击数和收藏数

    (1)点击数

    GoodsListViewSet其中继承了mixins.RetrieveModelMixin(获取商品详情)

    源码

    class RetrieveModelMixin(object):
        """
        Retrieve a model instance.
        """
        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            instance = self.get_object()
            serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
            return Response(serializer.data)

    我们只要重写他的retrieve方法就可以了

    goods/views

      #商品点击数 + 1
        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            instance = self.get_object()
            instance.click_num += 1
            instance.save()
            serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
            return Response(serializer.data)
    class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
        '''
        list:
            商品列表,分页,搜索,过滤,排序
        retrieve:
            获取商品详情
        '''
    
        # authentication_classes = (TokenAuthentication,)
        #这里必须要定义一个默认的排序,否则会报错
        queryset = Goods.objects.all().order_by('id')
        # 分页
        pagination_class = GoodsPagination
        #序列化
        serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
        filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,filters.SearchFilter,filters.OrderingFilter)
    
        # 设置filter的类为我们自定义的类
        #过滤
        filter_class = GoodsFilter
        #搜索
        search_fields = ('name', 'goods_brief', 'goods_desc')
        #排序
        ordering_fields = ('sold_num', 'shop_price')
    
        #商品点击数 + 1
        def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            instance = self.get_object()
            instance.click_num += 1
            instance.save()
            serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
            return Response(serializer.data)
    GoodListViewSet

    (2)收藏数

    前面已经写了UserFavViewset,其中继承了mixins.CreateModelMixin,添加收藏实际就是创建数据库

    这里重写它的perform_create方法就可以了

    user_operation/view.py

    # 用户收藏的商品数量+1
        def perform_create(self, serializer):
            instance = serializer.save()
            # 这里instance相当于UserFav model,通过它找到goods
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.fav_num += 1
            goods.save()
    class UserFavViewset(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
        '''
        用户收藏
        '''
        #permission是用来做权限判断的
        # IsAuthenticated:必须登录用户;IsOwnerOrReadOnly:必须是当前登录的用户
        permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
        #auth使用来做用户认证的
        authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,SessionAuthentication)
        #搜索的字段
        lookup_field = 'goods_id'
    
        #动态选择serializer
        def get_serializer_class(self):
            if self.action == "list":
                return UserFavDetailSerializer
            elif self.action == "create":
                return UserFavSerializer
            return UserFavSerializer
    
        def get_queryset(self):
            #只能查看当前登录用户的收藏,不会获取所有用户的收藏
            return UserFav.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
    
        # 用户收藏的商品数量+1
        def perform_create(self, serializer):
            instance = serializer.save()
            # 这里instance相当于UserFav model,通过它找到goods
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.fav_num += 1
            goods.save()
    UserFavViewset

    (3)用信号量实现

    delete和create的时候django model都会发送一个信号量出来,用信号量的方式代码分离性更好

    收藏数+1和-1

    (1)user_operation/signal.py

    # users_operation/signals.py
    
    from django.db.models.signals import post_save,post_delete
    from django.dispatch import receiver
    from user_operation.models import UserFav
    
    # post_save:接收信号的方式
    #sender: 接收信号的model
    @receiver(post_save, sender=UserFav)
    def create_UserFav(sender, instance=None, created=False, **kwargs):
        # 是否新建,因为update的时候也会进行post_save
        if created:
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.fav_num += 1
            goods.save()
    
    @receiver(post_delete, sender=UserFav)
    def delete_UserFav(sender, instance=None, created=False, **kwargs):
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.fav_num -= 1
            goods.save()

    (2)user_operation/apps.py

    from django.apps import AppConfig
    
    
    class UserOperationConfig(AppConfig):
        name = 'user_operation'
        verbose_name = "操作管理"
    
        def ready(self):
            import user_operation.signals

    13.5.商品库存和销量修改

    库存数量

    商品库存数量的行为:

    • 新增商品到购物车
    • 修改购物车数量
    • 删除购物车记录

    trade/views.py

    # 库存数-1
        def perform_create(self, serializer):
            shop_cart = serializer.save()
            goods = shop_cart.goods
            goods.goods_num -= shop_cart.nums
            goods.save()
    
        # 库存数+1
        def perform_destroy(self, instance):
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.goods_num += instance.nums
            goods.save()
            instance.delete()
    
        # 更新库存,修改可能是增加页可能是减少
        def perform_update(self, serializer):
            #首先获取修改之前的库存数量
            existed_record = ShoppingCart.objects.get(id=serializer.instance.id)
            existed_nums = existed_record.nums
            # 先保存之前的数据existed_nums
            saved_record = serializer.save()
            #变化的数量
            nums = saved_record.nums-existed_nums
            goods = saved_record.goods
            goods.goods_num -= nums
            goods.save()
    class ShoppingCartViewset(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
        """
        购物车功能
        list:
            获取购物车详情
        create:
            加入购物车
        delete:
            删除购物记录
        """
        permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
        authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
        serializer_class = ShopCartSerializer
        #商品的id
        lookup_field = "goods_id"
    
        def get_serializer_class(self):
            if self.action == 'list':
                return ShopCartDetailSerializer
            else:
                return ShopCartSerializer
    
        #获取购物车列表
        def get_queryset(self):
            return ShoppingCart.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
    
        # 库存数-1
        def perform_create(self, serializer):
            shop_cart = serializer.save()
            goods = shop_cart.goods
            goods.goods_num -= shop_cart.nums
            goods.save()
    
        # 库存数+1
        def perform_destroy(self, instance):
            goods = instance.goods
            goods.goods_num += instance.nums
            goods.save()
            instance.delete()
    
        # 更新库存,修改可能是增加页可能是减少
        def perform_update(self, serializer):
            #首先获取修改之前的库存数量
            existed_record = ShoppingCart.objects.get(id=serializer.instance.id)
            existed_nums = existed_record.nums
            # 先保存之前的数据existed_nums
            saved_record = serializer.save()
            #变化的数量
            nums = saved_record.nums-existed_nums
            goods = saved_record.goods
            goods.goods_num -= nums
            goods.save()
    ShoppingCartViewset

    商品销量

    商品的销量只有在支付成功后才会 +1

    trade/views.py

                    for order_good in order_goods:
                        goods = order_good.goods
                        goods.sold_num += order_good.goods_num
                        goods.save()
    class AlipayView(APIView):
        def get(self, request):
            """
            处理支付宝的return_url返回
            """
            processed_dict = {}
            # 1. 获取GET中参数
            for key, value in request.GET.items():
                processed_dict[key] = value
            # 2. 取出sign
            sign = processed_dict.pop("sign", None)
    
            # 3. 生成ALipay对象
            alipay = AliPay(
                appid="2016091500517456",
                app_notify_url="http://47.93.198.159:8000/alipay/return/",
                app_private_key_path=private_key_path,
                alipay_public_key_path=ali_pub_key_path,  # 支付宝的公钥,验证支付宝回传消息使用,不是你自己的公钥,
                debug=True,  # 默认False,
                return_url="http://47.93.198.159:8000/alipay/return/"
            )
    
            verify_re = alipay.verify(processed_dict, sign)
    
            # 这里可以不做操作。因为不管发不发return url。notify url都会修改订单状态。
            if verify_re is True:
                order_sn = processed_dict.get('out_trade_no', None)
                trade_no = processed_dict.get('trade_no', None)
                trade_status = processed_dict.get('trade_status', None)
    
                existed_orders = OrderInfo.objects.filter(order_sn=order_sn)
                for existed_order in existed_orders:
                    existed_order.pay_status = trade_status
                    existed_order.trade_no = trade_no
                    existed_order.pay_time = datetime.now()
                    existed_order.save()
    
                response = redirect("/index/#/app/home/member/order")
                return response
    
            else:
                response = redirect("index")
                return response
    
        def post(self, request):
            """
            处理支付宝的notify_url
            """
            #存放post里面所有的数据
            processed_dict = {}
            #取出post里面的数据
            for key, value in request.POST.items():
                processed_dict[key] = value
            #把signpop掉,文档有说明
            sign = processed_dict.pop("sign", None)
    
            #生成一个Alipay对象
            alipay = AliPay(
                appid="2016091500517456",
                app_notify_url="http://47.93.198.159:8000/alipay/return/",
                app_private_key_path=private_key_path,
                alipay_public_key_path=ali_pub_key_path,  # 支付宝的公钥,验证支付宝回传消息使用,不是你自己的公钥,
                debug=True,  # 默认False,
                return_url="http://47.93.198.159:8000/alipay/return/"
            )
    
            #进行验证
            verify_re = alipay.verify(processed_dict, sign)
    
            # 如果验签成功
            if verify_re is True:
                #商户网站唯一订单号
                order_sn = processed_dict.get('out_trade_no', None)
                #支付宝系统交易流水号
                trade_no = processed_dict.get('trade_no', None)
                #交易状态
                trade_status = processed_dict.get('trade_status', None)
    
                # 查询数据库中订单记录
                existed_orders = OrderInfo.objects.filter(order_sn=order_sn)
                for existed_order in existed_orders:
                    # 订单商品项
                    order_goods = existed_order.goods.all()
                    # 商品销量增加订单中数值
                    for order_good in order_goods:
                        goods = order_good.goods
                        goods.sold_num += order_good.goods_num
                        goods.save()
    
                    # 更新订单状态
                    existed_order.pay_status = trade_status
                    existed_order.trade_no = trade_no
                    existed_order.pay_time = datetime.now()
                    existed_order.save()
                #需要返回一个'success'给支付宝,如果不返回,支付宝会一直发送订单支付成功的消息
                return Response("success")
    AlipayView

    13.6.drf的缓存设置

    为了加速网站的访问速度,将一些数据放到缓存当中,取数据的时候首先去缓存中去,然后再去数据库中取

    我们用drf的一个扩展来实现缓存,github上面的使用说明:http://chibisov.github.io/drf-extensions/docs/#caching

     

     (1)安装

    pip install drf-extensions

    (2)使用方法

    导入

    from rest_framework_extensions.cache.mixins import CacheResponseMixin

    在GoodsListViewSet中添加缓存功能

    #CacheResponseMixin一定要放在第一个位置
    
    class GoodsListViewSet(CacheResponseMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):

    设置过期时间,settings里面

    #缓存配置
    REST_FRAMEWORK_EXTENSIONS = {
        'DEFAULT_CACHE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT': 5   #5s过期,时间自己可以随便设定
    }

    这个缓存使用的是内存,每次重启之后就会失效

    13.7.drf配置redis缓存

    使用django-redis第三方库:http://django-redis-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/#id8    (文档说明)

     (1)安装

    pip install django-redis

    (2)settings

    # redis缓存
    CACHES = {
        "default": {
            "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
            "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379",
            "OPTIONS": {
                "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            }
        }
    }

    13.8.drf的throttle设置api的访问速率

    为了防止爬虫对服务器造成的重大压力,对数据进行访问速率限制就显得非常的重要了

    官网使用说明:http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/throttling/

    (1)settings中配置

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        #限速设置
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
                'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',   #未登陆用户
                'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle'    #登陆用户
            ),
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
            'anon': '3/minute',         #每分钟可以请求两次
            'user': '5/minute'          #每分钟可以请求五次
        }
    }

    (2)goods/views.py中使用

    from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle,AnonRateThrottle

    class GoodsListViewSet(CacheResponseMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
      .
      .
      throttle_classes = (UserRateThrottle, AnonRateThrottle)

     

    Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市(十一)

    Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市(十)

    Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市(九)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/derek1184405959/p/8877643.html
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