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  • C# 7.0

    visual studio 2017安装完后,马上全面体验下C# 7.0。

    • out variables (out变量)

    out的形参变量无需再提前声明

    之前:

                string input = "3";
                int numericResult;
                if (int.TryParse(input, out numericResult))
                    Console.WriteLine(numericResult);
                else
                    Console.WriteLine("Could not parse input");
    

     现在:

                string input = "3";
                if (int.TryParse(input, out var numericResult))
                    Console.WriteLine(numericResult);
                else
                    Console.WriteLine("Could not parse input");
    
    • Tuples (元组)

    扩展了元组(Tuple的使用,需要Nuget引用 System.ValueTuple)

    1.命名的改进:

    无命名,仅能通过无意义的Item1,Item2进行访问:

    var letters = ("a", "b");
    Console.WriteLine($"Value is {letters.Item1} and {letters.Item2>}");
    

     以前版本的命名:

                (string first, string second) letters = ("a", "b");
                Console.WriteLine($"Value is {letters.first} and {letters.second}");
    

     现在的命名:

                var letters = (first: "a",second: "b");
                Console.WriteLine($"Value is {letters.first} and {letters.second}");
    

     现在混合型命名:(会有一个编译警告,仅以左侧命名为准)

                (string leftFirst,string leftSecond) letters = (first: "a", second: "b");
                Console.WriteLine($"Value is {letters.leftFirst} and {letters.leftSecond}");
    

     2.函数返回元组、对象转元组

    示例1:

            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var p = GetData();
                Console.WriteLine($"value is {p.name} and {p.age}");
            }
    
            private static (string name,int age) GetData()
            {
                return ("han mei", 23);
            }
    

    示例2:(注意类中应实现Deconstruct用于元组的转换)

     class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var p = new Point(1.1, 2.1);
                (double first, double second) = p;
                Console.WriteLine($"value is {first} and {second}");
            }
    
        }
    
        public class Point
        {
            public Point(double x, double y)
            {
                this.X = x;
                this.Y = y;
            }
    
            public double X { get; }
            public double Y { get; }
    
            public void Deconstruct(out double x, out double y)
            {
                x = this.X;
                y = this.Y;
            }
        }
    
    • Local function (本地函数)

    可以在函数内部声明函数

    示例:

    static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var v = Fibonacci(3);
                Console.WriteLine($"value is {v}");
            }
    
            private static int Fibonacci(int x)
            {
                if (x < 0) throw new ArgumentException("Less negativity please!", nameof(x));
                return Fib(x).current;
    
                (int current, int previous) Fib(int i)
                {
                    if (i == 0) return (1, 0);
                    var (p, pp) = Fib(i - 1);
                    return (p + pp, p);
                }
            }
    

      

    • Literal improments(字义改进)

    1.数字间可以增加分隔符:_ (增加可读性)

    2.可以直接声明二进制 (使用二进制的场景更方便,比如掩码、用位进行权限设置等)

    示例:

    var d = 123_456;
    var x = 0xAB_CD_EF;
    var b = 0b1010_1011_1100_1101_1110_1111;
    • Ref returns and locals (返回引用)

    返回的变量可以是一个引用。

    示例:

            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                int[] array = { 1, 15, -39, 0, 7, 14, -12 };
                ref int place = ref Find(7, array); // aliases 7's place in the array
                place = 9; // replaces 7 with 9 in the array
                Console.WriteLine(array[4]); // prints 9
            }
    
    
            private static ref int Find(int number, int[] numbers)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (numbers[i] == number)
                    {
                        return ref numbers[i]; // return the storage location, not the value
                    }
                }
                throw new IndexOutOfRangeException($"{nameof(number)} not found");
            }
    
    • More expression bodied members(更多的表达式体的成员)

    支持更多的成员使用表达式体,加入了访问器、构造函数、析构函数使用表达式体

    示例:

        class Person
        {
            private static ConcurrentDictionary<int, string> names = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
            private int id = 123;
    
            public Person(string name) => names.TryAdd(id, name); // constructors
            ~Person() => names.TryRemove(id, out var v);              // destructors
            public string Name
            {
                get => names[id];                                 // getters
                set => names[id] = value;                         // setters
            }
        }
    
    • Throw expressions(抛出表达式)

    将异常直接作为表达式抛出,不管是用表达式体时,还是普通的return 时可以直接作为一个表达式来写。

    示例:(可以看到,很方便的直接进行值判断然后抛出异常)

        class Person
        {
            public string Name { get; }
            public Person(string name) => Name = name ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
            public string GetFirstName()
            {
                var parts = Name.Split(' ');
                return (parts.Length > 0) ? parts[0] : throw new InvalidOperationException("No name!");
            }
            public string GetLastName() => throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    
    • Generalized async return types(全面异步返回类型)

    需要Nuget引用System.Threading.Tasks.Extensions。异步时能返回更多的类型。

    示例:

            public async ValueTask<int> Func()
            {
                await Task.Delay(100);
                return 5;
            }
    
    • Pattern matching(模式匹配)

    1. is 表达式 ,判断类型的同时创建变量

    示例:

    public static int DiceSum2(IEnumerable<object> values)
    {
        var sum = 0;
        foreach(var item in values)
        {
            if (item is int val)
                sum += val;
            else if (item is IEnumerable<object> subList)
                sum += DiceSum2(subList);
        }
        return sum;
    }
    

    2. switch 表达式,允许case后的条件判断的同时创建变量

    示例:

    public static int DiceSum5(IEnumerable<object> values)
    {
        var sum = 0;
        foreach (var item in values)
        {
            switch (item)
            {
                case 0:
                    break;
                case int val:
                    sum += val;
                    break;
                case PercentileDie die:
                    sum += die.Multiplier * die.Value;
                    break;
                case IEnumerable<object> subList when subList.Any():
                    sum += DiceSum5(subList);
                    break;
                case IEnumerable<object> subList:
                    break;
                case null:
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("unknown item type");
            }
        }
        return sum;
    }
    

     

    参考内容:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/articles/csharp/csharp-7

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dev2007/p/6526261.html
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