向python3进发

在Python2.x中，交互输入有input和raw_input两种方法

1. input-----------tmd是个坑，就别用
2. raw_input------把输入无论是Int或str都当做是str处理，加入要取到数字，需要强制类型转化

在Python3.x中，只有input方法，但是效果跟Python2.x的raw_input一样一样的.

#python2.x
>>> s = int(raw_input('input:'))
input:a
>>> type(s)
<type 'str'>

>>> s = raw_input('input:')
input:99
>>> type(s)
<type 'str'>
>>> score = int(raw_input('input:'))
input:99
>>> type(score)
<type 'int'>

#python3.x (python 3.x 一切皆类型....看type输出.....)
>>> s = int(input('input:'))
input:a
>>> type(s)
<class 'str'>

>>> s = input('input:')
input:99
>>> type(s)
<class 'str'>

>>> score = int(input('input:'))
input:99
>>> type(score)
<class 'int'>

 一种不常见的格式化输出:

>>> info='''
... ---------info---------
... name:{_name}
... age:{_age}
... '''.format(_name='zwj',_age=26)
>>> print (info)

---------info---------
name:zwj
age:26

>>> print ('name:{name},age:{age}'.format(name='zwj',age=11))
name:zwj,age:11

 一个可以密文输入的模块getpass

>>> import getpass
>>> username = input('username:')
username:zwj
>>> password = getpass.getpass('password:')
password:
>>> print ('user:%s,pwd:%s'%(username,password))
user:zwj,pwd:mima
>>> 

 Python3的keys(), values(), items()返回的都是迭代器，如果需要像Python2一样返回列表，只要传给list就行了(Python2中iteritems()方法同样返回迭代器,Python3中已经移除)

>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 26 2016, 10:47:25) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)]'
>>> d={'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
>>> print (d.keys(),d.values(),d.items())
dict_keys(['k1', 'k2']) dict_values(['v1', 'v2']) dict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])
>>> print (list(d.keys()),list(d.values()),list(d.items()))
['k1', 'k2'] ['v1', 'v2'] [('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')]
>>> 

除法运算

>>> a=3
>>> b=2
>>> a/b  #默认浮点
1.5
>>> a//b #取整
1
>>> a%b
1
>>> b%a
2
>>> b/a
0.6666666666666666
>>> c=5
>>> d=7
>>> c//7
0

 一个可以密文输入的模块getpass

>>> import getpass
>>> username = input('username:')
username:zwj
>>> password = getpass.getpass('password:')
password:
>>> print ('user:%s,pwd:%s'%(username,password))
user:zwj,pwd:mima
>>> 

 Python3的keys(), values(), items()返回的都是迭代器，如果需要像Python2一样返回列表，只要传给list就行了

>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 26 2016, 10:47:25) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)]'
>>> d={'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
>>> print (d.keys(),d.values(),d.items())
dict_keys(['k1', 'k2']) dict_values(['v1', 'v2']) dict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])
>>> print (list(d.keys()),list(d.values()),list(d.items()))
['k1', 'k2'] ['v1', 'v2'] [('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')]
>>> 

除法运算

>>> a=3
>>> b=2
>>> a/b  #默认浮点
1.5
>>> a//b #取整
1
>>> a%b
1
>>> b%a
2
>>> b/a
0.6666666666666666
>>> c=5
>>> d=7
>>> c//7
0

位运算

>>> a=60    #60 = 0011 1100 
>>> b=13    #13 = 0000 1101 
>>> a&b      #12 = 0000 1100  
12
>>> a|b        #61 = 0011 1101 
61
>>> a^b        #49 = 00110001
49
>>> ~a        #-61 = 1100 0011
-61
>>> a<<2    #240 = 1111 0000
240
>>> a>>2    #15 = 0000 1111
15
>>> 

try/except/else/finaly

>>> print (1)
1
>>> try:
    print (1)
except:
    print (2)
else:
    print (3)
finally:
    print (4)

    
1
3
4

----------------
>>> try:
    print (x)
except:
    print (2)
else:
    print (3)
finally:
    print (4)

    
2
4

 给字典排序

from heapq import nsmallest,nlargest

l = [
    {
        'name':'good4',
        'increase': 69,
        'price': 20,
    },
    {
        'name':'good1',
        'increase': 45,
        'price': 20,
    },
    {
        'name':'good2',
        'increase': 59,
        'price': 24,
    },
    {
        'name':'good3',
        'increase': 18,
        'price': 10,
    },
]

r = nsmallest(3,l,key=lambda s:(s['price'],s['increase']))
print(r)
print(r[0])

r = nlargest(3,l,key=lambda s:(s['price'],s['increase']))
print(r)
print(r[0])


out:
[{'price': 10, 'name': 'good3', 'increase': 18}, {'price': 20, 'name': 'good1', 'increase': 45}, {'price': 20, 'name': 'good4', 'increase': 69}]
{'price': 10, 'name': 'good3', 'increase': 18}
[{'price': 24, 'name': 'good2', 'increase': 59}, {'price': 20, 'name': 'good4', 'increase': 69}, {'price': 20, 'name': 'good1', 'increase': 45}]
{'price': 24, 'name': 'good2', 'increase': 59}