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    详细理解KVC与KVO

    在面试的时候,KVC与KVO有些时候还是会问到的,并且他们都是Objective C的关键概念,在这里我们先做一个简单地介绍:

    (一)KVC:

    KVC即指:NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的Protocol,提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO就是基于KVC实现的关键技术之一。

    一个对象拥有某些属性;比如说,一个Person对象有一个name和一个address属性,以KVC说法,Person对象分别有一个value对应他的name和sex的key;这里key只是一个字符串,他对应的值可以使任意类型的对象;从最基础的从此上看,KVC有两个方法:一个是设置key的值,另一个是获取key的值;(示例代码如下:)

    void changeName(Person *p, NSString *newName)
    {
     
        // using the KVC accessor (getter) method
        NSString *originalName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];
     
        // using the KVC  accessor (setter) method.
        [p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];
     
        NSLog(@"Changed %@'s name to: %@", originalName, newName);
     
    }
    

     现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写(示例代码如下:)

    void logMarriage(Person *p)
    {
     
        // just using the accessor again, same as example above
        NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];
     
        // this line is different, because it is using
        // a "key path" instead of a normal "key"
        NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
     
        NSLog(@"%@ is happily married to %@", personsName, spousesName);
     
    }
    

     key 与 key pat 要区分开来,key 可以从一个对象中获取值,而 key path 可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:

    [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
    

     相当于这样……

    [[p valueForKey:@"spouse"] valueForKey:@"name"];
    

     (二)KVO:

    KVO即指:Key-Value Observing建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 address 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:

    (1)watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察;
    (2)observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用;
    (3)dealloc 停止观察。

    (示例代码如下:)

    static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED"
     
    @implementation PersonWatcher
     
    -(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p
    {
     
        // this begins the observing
        [p addObserver:self
            forKeyPath:@"address"
               options:0
               context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED];
     
        // keep a record of all the people being observed,
        // because we need to stop observing them in dealloc
        [m_observedPeople addObject:p];
    }
     
    // whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                          ofObject:(id)object
                            change:(NSDictionary *)change
                           context:(void *)context
     
    {
        // use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,
        // because we may also be observing other things
        if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {
            NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"];
            NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"];
            NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address);
        }
    }
     
    -(void) dealloc;
    {
     
        // must stop observing everything before this object is
        // deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes
        for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){
            [p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"];
        }
     
        [m_observedPeople release];
        m_observedPeople = nil;
     
        [super dealloc];
     
    }
     
    -(id) init;
    {
        if(self = [super init]){
            m_observedPeople = [NSMutableArray new];
        }
     
        return self;
    }
     
    @end
    

     这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值发生变化的时候会收到通知。

    (以上便是KVO和KVC的相关理解,还希望大家相互补充共同进步)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dingding3w/p/4856525.html
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