rsync详解

rsync三种备份模式
1.本地备份模式

Local:  rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
##本地  rsync   选项       源      目标
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz /etc /opt
#将/etc目录备份到/opt目录下，和cp的区别在于会自动增量备份

2.远程备份

 Access via remote shell:
         #将远端文件拉（下载）到本地
         Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
         #将本地文件推送（上传）到远端
         Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
 
#将etc推送到172.16.1.41下的自定义文件夹下
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -az /etc/ root@172.16.1.41:/opt/etc-$(hostname)-$(date +%F)

3.守护进程模式

安装
[root@backup ~]# yum install rsync -y
配置
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
uid = rsync                     # 运行进程的用户
gid = rsync                     # 运行进程的用户组
port = 873                      # 监听端口
fake super = yes                # 无需让rsync以root身份运行，允许接收文件的完整属性
use chroot = no                # 禁锢推送的数据至某个目录, 不允许跳出该目录
max connections = 200          # 最大连接数
timeout = 600                  # 超时时间
ignore errors                  # 忽略错误信息
read only = false              # 对备份数据可读写
list = false                   # 不允许查看模块信息
auth users = rsync_backup       # 定义虚拟用户，作为连接认证用户
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd # 定义rsync服务用户连接认证密码文件路径
##############################################
[backup]                # 定义模块信息
comment = commit        # 模块注释信息
path = /backup          # 定义接收备份数据目录

1.需要一个rsync进程运行时使用的普通用户--->rsync
useradd rsync -M -s /sbin/nologin
 
2.服务端需要定义一个客户端连接    虚拟用户名和密码
echo "rsync_backup:123456" > /etc/rsync.passwd
chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd
 
3.准备模块定义好的目录,客户端的数据都存放在该目录下
mkdir /backup
chown -R rsync.rsync /backup
 
4.启动rsync,并加入开机自启
systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd
systemctl status rsyncd
 
5.检查rsync的进程端口
ps aux | grep rsync
netstat -lntp|grep 873

测试命令

#将本地/opt目录下的文件推送到172.16.1.41下的backup模块下
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz  /opt/ rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
#将172.16.1.41下的backup模块下的文件拉倒本地/opt下
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup /opt

无差异（删除多余命令），很危险，不建议使用

无差异推送，以本地/opt为准
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz --delete /opt/ rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup
Password: 
sending incremental file list
deleting test9          #删除backup模块下多的文件
deleting test8
deleting test7
 
sent 56,698 bytes  received 745 bytes  22,977.20 bytes/sec
total size is 32,055,652  speedup is 558.04
####无差异拉取，以远端源为准
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz --delete rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup ./
Password: 
receiving incremental file list
deleting .ssh/known_hosts
deleting .ssh/
deleting .pki/nssdb/
deleting .pki/
deleting test9
deleting test8
deleting .viminfo
deleting .tcshrc
deleting .mysql_history
deleting .cshrc
deleting .bashrc
deleting .bash_profile
deleting .bash_logout
deleting .bash_history
 
sent 658 bytes  received 56,704 bytes  16,389.14 bytes/sec
total size is 32,057,242  speedup is 558.86
这条命令直接把root用户的环境变量都同步删除掉了，很危险，慎重使用

限速

--bwlimit 限速
 
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -azP --bwlimit 1M ./ rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup  
sending incremental file list
./
root.tar.gz
     11,869,568 100%    1.03MB/s    0:00:10 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/5)

无密码同步

1.方式一: --password-file     准备一个客户端的密码文件 
 
[root@nfs ~]# echo "123456" > 1.txt
[root@nfs ~]# chmod 600 1.txt
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup ./ --password-file=/root/1.txt
receiving incremental file list
./
sent 661 bytes  received 56,711 bytes  10,431.27 bytes/sec
total size is 32,057,242  speedup is 558.76
 
2.方式二
[root@nfs ~]# export RSYNC_PASSWORD=123456 #临时配置环境变量
[root@nfs ~]# rsync -avz rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup ./ 
receiving incremental file list
sent 658 bytes  received 56,704 bytes  114,724.00 bytes/sec
total size is 32,057,242  speedup is 558.86