一、准备工作
1、注册
2、邮箱激活
3、完善开发者资料
4、开发者资质认证
准备营业执照,1-2个工作日审批、300元
5、创建网站应用
提交审核,7个工作日审批
6、熟悉微信登录流程
二、后端开发
1.添加配置
# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=wxed9954c01bb89b47
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=a7482517235173ddb4083788de60b90e
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://guli.shop/api/ucenter/wx/callback
2.创建常量类
创建util包,创建ConstantPropertiesUtil.java常量类
@Component
//@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class ConstantPropertiesUtil implements InitializingBean {
@Value("${wx.open.app_id}")
private String appId;
@Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")
private String appSecret;
@Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")
private String redirectUrl;
public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID;
public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET;
public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId;
WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret;
WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl;
}
}
3.生成二维码
请求微信提供固定的地址,向地址后面传参数
用%s当占位符,用String.format方法实现
package com.dm.educenter.controller; import com.dm.base.exceptionhandler.onlineEduException; import com.dm.educenter.utils.ConstantPropertiesUtil; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLEncoder; @Controller @CrossOrigin @RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx") public class WxApiController { @GetMapping("login") public String getWXCode() throws UnsupportedEncodingException { //拼接参数 // 微信开放平台授权baseUrl String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" + "?appid=%s" + "&redirect_uri=%s" + "&response_type=code" + "&scope=snsapi_login" + "&state=%s" + "#wechat_redirect"; //对url进行一个编码 String redirect_url=ConstantPropertiesUtil.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL; redirect_url=URLEncoder.encode(redirect_url,"UTF-8"); String url = String.format( baseUrl, ConstantPropertiesUtil.WX_OPEN_APP_ID, redirect_url, "dm"); //重定向请求微信地址 return "redirect:"+url; } }
4.返回数据
我们要根据code获取两个值
1.access_token 访问凭证
2.openid 每个微信唯一标识
拿这上面的两个值再去请求一个地址,最终才可以获取扫码人信息
5、引入依赖
<dependencies> <!--httpclient--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> </dependency> <!--commons-io--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> </dependency> <!--gson--> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
6、书写代码
1.引入HttpClientUtils工具类
public class HttpClientUtils { public static final int connTimeout=10000; public static final int readTimeout=10000; public static final String charset="UTF-8"; private static HttpClient client = null; static { PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); cm.setMaxTotal(128); cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128); client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build(); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{ return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout); } public static String get(String url) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, null, null); } public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception { return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout); } /** * 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码. * * @param url * @param body RequestBody * @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3 * @param charset 编码 * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒. * @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码. * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时 * @throws Exception */ public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); String result = ""; try { if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) { HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset)); post.setEntity(entity); } // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 提交form表单 * * @param url * @param params * @param connTimeout * @param readTimeout * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException * @throws SocketTimeoutException * @throws Exception */ public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); try { if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) { List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) { formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8); post.setEntity(entity); } if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) { for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) { post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } post.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(post); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(post); } return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8"); } finally { post.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } } /** * 发送一个 GET 请求 * * @param url * @param charset * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒. * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒. * @return * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时 * @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时 * @throws Exception */ public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception { HttpClient client = null; HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); String result = ""; try { // 设置参数 Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom(); if (connTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout); } if (readTimeout != null) { customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout); } get.setConfig(customReqConf.build()); HttpResponse res = null; if (url.startsWith("https")) { // 执行 Https 请求. client = createSSLInsecureClient(); res = client.execute(get); } else { // 执行 Http 请求. client = HttpClientUtils.client; res = client.execute(get); } result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset); } finally { get.releaseConnection(); if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) { ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close(); } } return result; } /** * 从 response 里获取 charset * * @param ressponse * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unused") private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) { // Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) { String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue(); if (contentType.contains("charset=")) { return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8); } } return null; } /** * 创建 SSL连接 * @return * @throws GeneralSecurityException */ private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException { try { SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() { public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException { return true; } }).build(); SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() { @Override public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) { return true; } @Override public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException { } @Override public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException { } @Override public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException { } }); return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { throw e; } } public static void main(String[] args) { try { String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000); //String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK"); /*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); map.put("name", "111"); map.put("page", "222"); String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/ System.out.println(str); } catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
callback方法
@GetMapping("callback") public String callback(String code, String state) { //向认证服务器发送请求换取access_token String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" + "?appid=%s" + "&secret=%s" + "&code=%s" + "&grant_type=authorization_code"; String accessTokenUrl = String.format(baseAccessTokenUrl, ConstantPropertiesUtil.WX_OPEN_APP_ID, ConstantPropertiesUtil.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET, code); String result = null; try { result = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl); System.out.println("accessToken=============" + result); } catch (Exception e) { throw new onlineEduException(20001, "获取access_token失败"); } //解析json字符串 Gson gson = new Gson(); //更改成map HashMap map = gson.fromJson(result, HashMap.class); String accessToken = (String) map.get("access_token"); String openid = (String) map.get("openid"); //查询数据库当前用用户是否曾经使用过微信登录 UcenterMember member = memberService.getByOpenid(openid); if (member == null) { System.out.println("新用户注册"); //访问微信的资源服务器,获取用户信息 String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" + "?access_token=%s" + "&openid=%s"; String userInfoUrl = String.format(baseUserInfoUrl, accessToken, openid); String resultUserInfo = null; try { resultUserInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl); System.out.println("resultUserInfo==========" + resultUserInfo); } catch (Exception e) { throw new onlineEduException(20001, "获取用户信息失败"); } //解析json HashMap<String, Object> mapUserInfo = gson.fromJson(resultUserInfo, HashMap.class); String nickname = (String) mapUserInfo.get("nickname"); String headimgurl = (String) mapUserInfo.get("headimgurl"); //向数据库中插入一条记录 member = new UcenterMember(); member.setNickname(nickname); member.setOpenid(openid); member.setAvatar(headimgurl); memberService.save(member); } return "redirect:http://localhost:3000"; }
getByOpenid方法
@Override public UcenterMember getByOpenid(String openid) { QueryWrapper<UcenterMember> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>(); queryWrapper.eq("openid", openid); UcenterMember member = baseMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper); return member; }
@Override
public UcenterMember getByOpenid(String openid) {
QueryWrapper<UcenterMember> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
queryWrapper.eq("openid", openid);
UcenterMember member = baseMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);
return member;
}