kqueue例子

网络服务器通常都使用epoll进行异步IO处理，而开发者通常使用mac，为了方便开发，我把自己的handy库移植到了mac平台上。移植过程中，网上居然没有搜到kqueue的使用例子，让我惊讶不已。为了让大家不用像我一样再次花费大力气搞定kqueue，我整理了一个简单清晰可运行的kqueue例子，供大家参考。 
kqueue一共有几个函数：

//类似epoll_create
int kqueue(void); 
//兼具epoll_ctl及epoll_wait功能
int kevent(int kq, const struct kevent *changelist, int nchanges, struct kevent *eventlist, int nevents, const struct timespec *timeout); 
//设定kevent参数的宏
EV_SET(&kev, ident, filter, flags, fflags, data, udata);
struct kevent {
uintptr_t ident; /* identifier for this event */
int16_t filter; /* filter for event */
uint16_t flags; /* general flags */
uint32_t fflags; /* filter-specific flags */
intptr_t data; /* filter-specific data */
void *udata; /* opaque user data identifier */
};

函数调用示例：

//创建kqueue
int epollfd = kqueue();
//添加或者修改fd
struct kevent ev[2];
int n = 0;
if (events & kReadEvent) {
    EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD|EV_ENABLE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
} else if (modify){
    EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_READ, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
}
if (events & kWriteEvent) {
    EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_ADD|EV_ENABLE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
} else if (modify){
    EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
}
printf("%s fd %d events read %d write %d
",
       modify ? "mod" : "add", fd, events & kReadEvent, events & kWriteEvent);
int r = kevent(efd, ev, n, NULL, 0, NULL);
//获取ready的fd
struct timespec timeout;
timeout.tv_sec = waitms / 1000;
timeout.tv_nsec = (waitms % 1000) * 1000 * 1000;
const int kMaxEvents = 20;
struct kevent activeEvs[kMaxEvents];
int n = kevent(efd, NULL, 0, activeEvs, kMaxEvents, &timeout);
//处理IO事件
for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
    int fd = (int)(intptr_t)activeEvs[i].udata;
    int events = activeEvs[i].filter;
    if (events == EVFILT_READ) {
        handleRead(efd, fd);
    } else if (events == EVFILT_WRITE) {
        handleWrite(efd, fd);
    }
}

注意kevent与epoll最大的不同在于READ/WRITE事件是分开注册并且分开返回的，而Epoll则是一个fd一次返回读和写事件，用标志位来判断。 
可以运行的代码如下：kqueue-example（handy对kqueue提供了封装版本）

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/event.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define exit_if(r, ...) if(r) {printf(__VA_ARGS__); printf("error no: %d error msg %s
", errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1);}

const int kReadEvent = 1;
const int kWriteEvent = 2;

void setNonBlock(int fd) {
    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
    exit_if(flags<0, "fcntl failed");
    int r = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
    exit_if(r<0, "fcntl failed");
}

void updateEvents(int efd, int fd, int events, bool modify) {
    struct kevent ev[2];
    int n = 0;
    if (events & kReadEvent) {
        EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD|EV_ENABLE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
    } else if (modify){
        EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_READ, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
    }
    if (events & kWriteEvent) {
        EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_ADD|EV_ENABLE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
    } else if (modify){
        EV_SET(&ev[n++], fd, EVFILT_WRITE, EV_DELETE, 0, 0, (void*)(intptr_t)fd);
    }
    printf("%s fd %d events read %d write %d
",
           modify ? "mod" : "add", fd, events & kReadEvent, events & kWriteEvent);
    int r = kevent(efd, ev, n, NULL, 0, NULL);
    exit_if(r, "kevent failed ");
}

void handleAccept(int efd, int fd) {
    struct sockaddr_in raddr;
    socklen_t rsz = sizeof(raddr);
    int cfd = accept(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&raddr,&rsz);
    exit_if(cfd<0, "accept failed");
    sockaddr_in peer, local;
    socklen_t alen = sizeof(peer);
    int r = getpeername(cfd, (sockaddr*)&peer, &alen);
    exit_if(r<0, "getpeername failed");
    printf("accept a connection from %s
", inet_ntoa(raddr.sin_addr));
    setNonBlock(cfd);
    updateEvents(efd, cfd, kReadEvent|kWriteEvent, false);
}

void handleRead(int efd, int fd) {
    char buf[4096];
    int n = 0;
    while ((n=::read(fd, buf, sizeof buf)) > 0) {
        printf("read %d bytes
", n);
        int r = ::write(fd, buf, n); //写出读取的数据
        //实际应用中，写出数据可能会返回EAGAIN，此时应当监听可写事件，当可写时再把数据写出
        exit_if(r<=0, "write error");
    }
    if (n<0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
        return;
    exit_if(n<0, "read error"); //实际应用中，n<0应当检查各类错误，如EINTR
    printf("fd %d closed
", fd);
    close(fd);
}

void handleWrite(int efd, int fd) {
    //实际应用应当实现可写时写出数据，无数据可写才关闭可写事件
    updateEvents(efd, fd, kReadEvent, true);
}

void loop_once(int efd, int lfd, int waitms) {
    struct timespec timeout;
    timeout.tv_sec = waitms / 1000;
    timeout.tv_nsec = (waitms % 1000) * 1000 * 1000;
    const int kMaxEvents = 20;
    struct kevent activeEvs[kMaxEvents];
    int n = kevent(efd, NULL, 0, activeEvs, kMaxEvents, &timeout);
    printf("epoll_wait return %d
", n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
        int fd = (int)(intptr_t)activeEvs[i].udata;
        int events = activeEvs[i].filter;
        if (events == EVFILT_READ) {
            if (fd == lfd) {
                handleAccept(efd, fd);
            } else {
                handleRead(efd, fd);
            }
        } else if (events == EVFILT_WRITE) {
            handleWrite(efd, fd);
        } else {
            exit_if(1, "unknown event");
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    short port = 99;
    int epollfd = kqueue();
    exit_if(epollfd < 0, "epoll_create failed");
    int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    exit_if(listenfd < 0, "socket failed");
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof addr);
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    int r = ::bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    exit_if(r, "bind to 0.0.0.0:%d failed %d %s", port, errno, strerror(errno));
    r = listen(listenfd, 20);
    exit_if(r, "listen failed %d %s", errno, strerror(errno));
    printf("fd %d listening at %d
", listenfd, port);
    setNonBlock(listenfd);
    updateEvents(epollfd, listenfd, kReadEvent, false);
    for (;;) { //实际应用应当注册信号处理函数，退出时清理资源
        loop_once(epollfd, listenfd, 10000);
    }
    return 0;
}