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  • 话说Spring Security权限管理(源码)

    最近项目需要用到Spring Security的权限控制,故花了点时间简单的去看了一下其权限控制相关的源码(版本为4.2)。

    AccessDecisionManager

    spring security是通过AccessDecisionManager进行授权管理的,先来张官方图镇楼。

    权限

    AccessDecisionManager

    AccessDecisionManager 接口定义了如下方法:

    //调用AccessDecisionVoter进行投票(关键方法)
    void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException,
    		InsufficientAuthenticationException;
    
    boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);
    boolean supports(Class clazz);
    

    接下来看看它的实现类的具体实现:

    AffirmativeBased

    public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    	int deny = 0;
    
    	for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
    		//调用AccessDecisionVoter进行vote(我们姑且称之为投票吧),后面再看vote的源码。
    		int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);
    
    		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    			logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
    		}
    		
    		switch (result) {
    		case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED://值为1
    			//只要有voter投票为ACCESS_GRANTED,则通过
    			return;
    
    		case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED://值为-1
    			deny++;
    
    			break;
    
    		default:
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (deny > 0) {
    		//如果有两个及以上AccessDecisionVoter(姑且称之为投票者吧)都投ACCESS_DENIED,则直接就不通过了
    		throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
    				"AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    	}
    
    	// To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    	checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
    }
    

    源码中,有个Collection configAttributes 参数,ConfigAttribute是什么? 这个其实是一个很灵活的东西,不同的情况代表不同的语义,比如在使用了角色控制的时候,传入的则可能是ROLE__XXX之类的,以便ROLE_VOTER使用。具体的后面在细说。

    通过以上代码可直接看到AffirmativeBased的策略:

    • 只要有投通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,则直接判为通过。
    • 如果没有投通过票且反对(ACCESS_DENIED)票在两个及其以上的,则直接判为不通过。

    UnanimousBased

    public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    
    	int grant = 0;
    	int abstain = 0;
    
    	List<ConfigAttribute> singleAttributeList = new ArrayList<ConfigAttribute>(1);
    	singleAttributeList.add(null);
    
    	for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {
    		singleAttributeList.set(0, attribute);
    
    		for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
    			//配置的投票者进行投票
    			int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, singleAttributeList);
    
    			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    				logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
    			}
    
    			switch (result) {
    			case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:
    				grant++;
    
    				break;
    
    			case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:
    				//只要有投票者投反对票就立马判为无权访问
    				throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
    						"AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied",
    						"Access is denied"));
    
    			default:
    				abstain++;
    
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	// To get this far, there were no deny votes
    	if (grant > 0) {
    		//如果没反对票且有通过票,那么就判为通过
    		return;
    	}
    
    	// To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    	checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
    }
    

    由此可见UnanimousBased的策略:

    • 无论多少投票者投了多少通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,只要有反对票(ACCESS_DENIED),那都判为不通过。
    • 如果没有反对票且有投票者投了通过票,那么就判为通过。

    ConsensusBased

    public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    	int grant = 0;
    	int deny = 0;
    	int abstain = 0;
    
    	for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
    		//配置的投票者进行投票
    		int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);
    
    		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    			logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
    		}
    
    		switch (result) {
    		case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:
    			grant++;
    
    			break;
    
    		case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:
    			deny++;
    
    			break;
    
    		default:
    			abstain++;
    
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (grant > deny) {
    		//通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过
    		return;
    	}
    
    	if (deny > grant) {
    		//通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过
    		throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
    				"AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    	}
    
    	if ((grant == deny) && (grant != 0)) {
    		//this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions默认为true
    		//通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions进行判断是否通过
    		if (this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions) {
    			return;
    		}
    		else {
    			throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
    					"AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    		}
    	}
    
    	// To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    	checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
    }
    

    由此可见,ConsensusBased的策略:

    • 通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过。
    • 通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过。
    • 通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions(默认为true)进行判断是否通过。

    到此,应该明白AffirmativeBased、UnanimousBased、ConsensusBased三者的区别了吧,spring security默认使用的是AffirmativeBased, 如果有需要,可配置为其它两个,也可自己去实现。

    投票者

    以上AccessDecisionManager的实现类都只是对权限(投票)进行管理(策略的实现),具体投票(vote)的逻辑是通过调用AccessDecisionVoter的子类(投票者)的vote方法实现的。spring security默认注册了RoleVoter和AuthenticatedVoter两个投票者。下面来看看其源码。

    AccessDecisionManager

    boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);
    boolean supports(Class<?> clazz);
    //核心方法,此方法由上面介绍的的AccessDecisionManager调用,子类实现此方法进行投票。
    int vote(Authentication authentication, S object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes);
    

    RoleVoter

    private String rolePrefix = "ROLE_";
    
    //只处理ROLE_开头的(可通过配置rolePrefix的值进行改变)
    public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {
    	if ((attribute.getAttribute() != null)
    			&& attribute.getAttribute().startsWith(getRolePrefix())) {
    		return true;
    	}
    	else {
    		return false;
    	}
    }
    
    public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object,
    		Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {
    		
    	if(authentication == null) {
    		//用户没通过认证,则投反对票
    		return ACCESS_DENIED;
    	}
    	int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
    	//获取用户实际的权限
    	Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = extractAuthorities(authentication);
    
    	for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {
    		if (this.supports(attribute)) {
    			result = ACCESS_DENIED;
    
    			// Attempt to find a matching granted authority
    			for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
    				if (attribute.getAttribute().equals(authority.getAuthority())) {
    					//权限匹配则投通过票
    					return ACCESS_GRANTED;
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	//如果处理过,但没投通过票,则为反对票,如果没处理过,那么视为弃权(ACCESS_ABSTAIN)。
    	return result;
    }	
    

    很简单吧,同时,我们还可以通过实现AccessDecisionManager来扩展自己的voter。但是,要实现这个,我们还必须得弄清楚attributes这个参数是从哪儿来的,这个是个很关键的参数啊。通过一张官方图能很清晰的看出这个问题来:

    inceptor

    接下来,就看看AccessDecisionManager的调用者AbstractSecurityInterceptor。

    AbstractSecurityInterceptor

    ...
    //上面说过默认是AffirmativeBased,可配置
    private AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager;
    ...
    protected InterceptorStatusToken beforeInvocation(Object object) {
    	...
    	//抽象方法,子类实现,但由此也可看出ConfigAttribute是由SecurityMetadataSource(实际上,默认是DefaultFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource)获取。
    	Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes = this.obtainSecurityMetadataSource()
    			.getAttributes(object);
    	...
    	//获取当前认证过的用户信息
    	Authentication authenticated = authenticateIfRequired();
    
    	try {
    		//调用AccessDecisionManager
    		this.accessDecisionManager.decide(authenticated, object, attributes);
    	}
    	catch (AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) {
    		publishEvent(new AuthorizationFailureEvent(object, attributes, authenticated,
    				accessDeniedException));
    
    		throw accessDeniedException;
    	}
    	...		
    }
    
    public abstract SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource();
    

    以上方法都是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子类(默认是FilterSecurityInterceptor)调用,那就再看看吧:

    FilterSecurityInterceptor

    ...
    //SecurityMetadataSource的实现类,由此可见,可通过外部配置。这也说明我们可以通过自定义SecurityMetadataSource的实现类来扩展出自己实际需要的ConfigAttribute
    private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource;	
    ...
    //入口
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
    		FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    	FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain);
    	//关键方法
    	invoke(fi);
    }
    
    public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException {
    	if ((fi.getRequest() != null)
    			&& (fi.getRequest().getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) != null)
    			&& observeOncePerRequest) {
    		// filter already applied to this request and user wants us to observe
    		// once-per-request handling, so don't re-do security checking
    		fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
    	}
    	else {
    		// first time this request being called, so perform security checking
    		if (fi.getRequest() != null) {
    			fi.getRequest().setAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED, Boolean.TRUE);
    		}
    		//在这儿调用了父类(AbstractSecurityInterceptor)的方法, 也就调用了accessDecisionManager
    		InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);
    
    		try {
    			fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
    		}
    		finally {
    			super.finallyInvocation(token);
    		}
    		//完了再执行(父类的方法),一前一后,AOP无处不在啊
    		super.afterInvocation(token, null);
    	}
    }
    

    好啦,到此应该对于Spring Security的权限管理比较清楚了。看完这个,不知你是否能扩展出一套适合自己需求的权限需求来呢,如果还不太清楚,那也没关系,下篇就实战一下,根据它来开发一套自己的权限体系。

    欢迎大家访问我的独立博客:
    www.javafan.cn

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dongying/p/6106855.html
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