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  • kubernetes-集群备份和恢复

    一、备份
     
    思路：
    ①集群运行中etcd数据备份到磁盘上
    ②kubeasz项目创建的集群，需要备份CA证书文件，以及ansible的hosts文件
     
    【deploy节点操作】
    1：创建存放备份文件目录
     1 [root@master ~]# mkdir -p /backup/k8s1 
     
    2：etcd数据保存到备份目录下
    1 [root@master ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot save /backup/k8s1/snapshot.db
2 Snapshot saved at /backup/k8s1/snapshot.db
3 [root@master ~]# du -h /backup/k8s1/snapshot.db 
4 1.6M    /backup/k8s1/snapshot.db

    3：拷贝kubernetes目录下ssl文件

     1 [root@master ~]# cp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/* /backup/k8s1/
 2 [root@master ~]# ll /backup/k8s1/
 3 总用量 1628
 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1675 12月 10 21:21 admin-key.pem
 5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1391 12月 10 21:21 admin.pem
 6 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 997 12月 10 21:21 aggregator-proxy.csr
 7 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 219 12月 10 21:21 aggregator-proxy-csr.json
 8 -rw-------. 1 root root 1675 12月 10 21:21 aggregator-proxy-key.pem
 9 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1383 12月 10 21:21 aggregator-proxy.pem
10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 294 12月 10 21:21 ca-config.json
11 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1675 12月 10 21:21 ca-key.pem
12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1350 12月 10 21:21 ca.pem
13 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1082 12月 10 21:21 kubelet.csr
14 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 283 12月 10 21:21 kubelet-csr.json
15 -rw-------. 1 root root 1675 12月 10 21:21 kubelet-key.pem
16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1452 12月 10 21:21 kubelet.pem
17 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1273 12月 10 21:21 kubernetes.csr
18 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 488 12月 10 21:21 kubernetes-csr.json
19 -rw-------. 1 root root 1679 12月 10 21:21 kubernetes-key.pem
20 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1639 12月 10 21:21 kubernetes.pem
21 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1593376 12月 10 21:32 snapshot.db

    4：模拟集群崩溃，执行clean.yml清除操作 

    1 [root@master ~]# cd /etc/ansible/

    2 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 99.clean.yml 

    二、恢复
     
    【deploy节点操作】
    1：恢复ca证书 
    1 [root@master ansible]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
    2 [root@master ansible]# cp /backup/k8s1/ca* /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
     
    2：开始执行重建集群操作 
    1 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 01.prepare.yml
2 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 02.etcd.yml
3 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 03.docker.yml
4 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 04.kube-master.yml
5 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook 05.kube-node.yml

    3：暂停etcd服务

    1 [root@master ansible]# ansible etcd -m service -a 'name=etcd state=stopped'

    4：清空数据  
     1 [root@master ansible]# ansible etcd -m file -a 'name=/var/lib/etcd/member/ state=absent'
 2 [DEPRECATION WARNING]: The TRANSFORM_INVALID_GROUP_CHARS settings is set to allow bad characters in group names by default, this will change, but still be user 
 3 configurable on deprecation. This feature will be removed in version 2.10. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
 4 [WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use -vvvv to see details
 5 
 6 192.168.1.203 | CHANGED => {
 7     "ansible_facts": {
 8         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
 9     }, 
10     "changed": true, 
11     "path": "/var/lib/etcd/member/", 
12     "state": "absent"
13 }
14 192.168.1.202 | CHANGED => {
15     "ansible_facts": {
16         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
17     }, 
18     "changed": true, 
19     "path": "/var/lib/etcd/member/", 
20     "state": "absent"
21 }
22 192.168.1.200 | CHANGED => {
23     "ansible_facts": {
24         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
25     }, 
26     "changed": true, 
27     "path": "/var/lib/etcd/member/", 
28     "state": "absent"
29 }

    4：将备份的etcd数据文件同步到每个etcd节点上

     1 [root@master ansible]# for i in 202 203; do rsync -av /backup/k8s1 192.168.1.$i:/backup/; done 
 2 sending incremental file list
 3 created directory /backup
 4 k8s1/
 5 k8s1/admin-key.pem
 6 k8s1/admin.pem
 7 k8s1/aggregator-proxy-csr.json
 8 k8s1/aggregator-proxy-key.pem
 9 k8s1/aggregator-proxy.csr
10 k8s1/aggregator-proxy.pem
11 k8s1/ca-config.json
12 k8s1/ca-key.pem
13 k8s1/ca.pem
14 k8s1/kubelet-csr.json
15 k8s1/kubelet-key.pem
16 k8s1/kubelet.csr
17 k8s1/kubelet.pem
18 k8s1/kubernetes-csr.json
19 k8s1/kubernetes-key.pem
20 k8s1/kubernetes.csr
21 k8s1/kubernetes.pem
22 k8s1/snapshot.db
23 
24 sent 1,615,207 bytes  received 392 bytes  646,239.60 bytes/sec
25 total size is 1,613,606  speedup is 1.00
26 sending incremental file list
27 created directory /backup
28 k8s1/
29 k8s1/admin-key.pem
30 k8s1/admin.pem
31 k8s1/aggregator-proxy-csr.json
32 k8s1/aggregator-proxy-key.pem
33 k8s1/aggregator-proxy.csr
34 k8s1/aggregator-proxy.pem
35 k8s1/ca-config.json
36 k8s1/ca-key.pem
37 k8s1/ca.pem
38 k8s1/kubelet-csr.json
39 k8s1/kubelet-key.pem
40 k8s1/kubelet.csr
41 k8s1/kubelet.pem
42 k8s1/kubernetes-csr.json
43 k8s1/kubernetes-key.pem
44 k8s1/kubernetes.csr
45 k8s1/kubernetes.pem
46 k8s1/snapshot.db
47 
48 sent 1,615,207 bytes  received 392 bytes  1,077,066.00 bytes/sec
49 total size is 1,613,606  speedup is 1.00

    5：在每个etcd节点执行下面数据恢复操作，然后重启etcd

     ##说明：在/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service找到--inital-cluster etcd1=https://xxxx:2380,etcd2=https://xxxx:2380,etcd3=https://xxxx:2380替换恢复命令中的--initial-cluster{ }变量，--name=【当前etcd-node-name】,最后还需要填写当前节点的IP:2380

    ①【deploy操作】

    1 [root@master ansible]# cd /backup/k8s1/
2 [root@master k8s1]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db  --name etcd1 --initial-cluster etcd1=https://192.168.1.200:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.202:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.203:2380  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.200:2380 
3 2019-12-10 22:26:50.037127 I | mvcc: restore compact to 46505
4 2019-12-10 22:26:50.052409 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 12229714d8728d0e [https://192.168.1.200:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
5 2019-12-10 22:26:50.052451 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 552fb05951af50c9 [https://192.168.1.203:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
6 2019-12-10 22:26:50.052474 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 8b4f4a6559bf7c2c [https://192.168.1.202:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d

    执行上面步骤后，会在当前节点目录下，生成一个【node-name】.etcd目录文件

     1 [root@master k8s1]# tree etcd1.etcd/
 2 etcd1.etcd/
 3 └── member
 4     ├── snap
 5     │   ├── 0000000000000001-0000000000000003.snap
 6     │   └── db
 7     └── wal
 8         └── 0000000000000000-0000000000000000.wal
 9 [root@master k8s1]# cp -r etcd1.etcd/member /var/lib/etcd/
10 [root@master k8s1]# systemctl restart etcd

    ②【etcd2节点操作】

     1 [root@node1 ~]# cd /backup/k8s1/
 2 [root@node1 k8s1]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db  --name etcd2 --initial-cluster etcd1=https://192.168.1.200:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.202:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.203:2380  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.202:2380
 3 2019-12-10 22:28:35.175032 I | mvcc: restore compact to 46505
 4 2019-12-10 22:28:35.232386 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 12229714d8728d0e [https://192.168.1.200:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 5 2019-12-10 22:28:35.232507 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 552fb05951af50c9 [https://192.168.1.203:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 6 2019-12-10 22:28:35.232541 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 8b4f4a6559bf7c2c [https://192.168.1.202:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 7 [root@node1 k8s1]# tree etcd2.etcd/
 8 etcd2.etcd/
 9 └── member
10     ├── snap
11     │   ├── 0000000000000001-0000000000000003.snap
12     │   └── db
13     └── wal
14         └── 0000000000000000-0000000000000000.wal
15 [root@node1 k8s1]# cp -r etcd1.etcd/member /var/lib/etcd/
16 [root@node1 k8s1]# systemctl restart etcd

    ③【etcd3节点操作】

     1 [root@node2 ~]# cd /backup/k8s1/
 2 [root@node2 k8s1]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db  --name etcd3 --initial-cluster etcd1=https://192.168.1.200:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.202:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.203:2380  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.1.203:2380
 3 2019-12-10 22:28:55.943364 I | mvcc: restore compact to 46505
 4 2019-12-10 22:28:55.988674 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 12229714d8728d0e [https://192.168.1.200:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 5 2019-12-10 22:28:55.988726 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 552fb05951af50c9 [https://192.168.1.203:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 6 2019-12-10 22:28:55.988754 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 8b4f4a6559bf7c2c [https://192.168.1.202:2380] to cluster b8ef796b710cde7d
 7 [root@node2 k8s1]# tree etcd3.etcd/
 8 etcd3.etcd/
 9 └── member
10     ├── snap
11     │   ├── 0000000000000001-0000000000000003.snap
12     │   └── db
13     └── wal
14         └── 0000000000000000-0000000000000000.wa
15 [root@node2 k8s1]# cp -r etcd1.etcd/member /var/lib/etcd/
16 [root@node2 k8s1]# systemctl restart etcd

    6：在deploy节点上操作重建网络 

    1 [root@master ansible]# cd /etc/ansible/

    2 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook tools/change_k8s_network.yml 

    7：查看pod、svc恢复是否成功

    1 [root@master ansible]# kubectl get svc
2 NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
3 kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.68.0.1       <none>        443/TCP    5d5h
4 nginx        ClusterIP   10.68.241.175   <none>        80/TCP     5d4h
5 tomcat       ClusterIP   10.68.235.35    <none>        8080/TCP   76m
    1 [root@master ansible]# kubectl get pods
2 NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
3 nginx-7c45b84548-4998z   1/1     Running             0          5d4h
4 tomcat-8fc9f5995-9kl5b   1/1     Running             0          77m

    三、自动备份、自动恢复

    1：一键备份 

    1 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/23.backup.yml 

    2：模拟故障

    1 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/99.clean.yml

    修改文件/etc/ansible/roles/cluster-restore/defaults/main.yml，指定要恢复的etcd快照备份，如果不修改就是最新的一次

    3：执行自动恢复操作

    1 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/24.restore.yml

    2 [root@master ansible]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/tools/change_k8s_network.yml 

     
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/douyi/p/12019807.html
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