SQL常用命令

Recently, having learning MySQL, I try to make a conclusion: 

I. 创建一个表Table

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [partition_options]
    [table_options] [select_statement]

Or: 

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(] LIKE old_tbl_name [)];

create_definition:
    column_definition
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX]
        [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | FULLTEXT [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
      [WITH PARSER parser_name]
  | SPATIAL [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY
        [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [reference_definition]
  | CHECK (expr)

column_definition:
    col_name type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]
        [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]
        [COMMENT 'string'] [reference_definition]

type:
    TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DECIMAL(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | NUMERIC(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DATE
  | TIME
  | TIMESTAMP
  | DATETIME
  | YEAR
  | CHAR(length) [BINARY | ASCII | UNICODE]
  | VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]
  | BINARY(length)
  | VARBINARY(length)
  | TINYBLOB
  | BLOB
  | MEDIUMBLOB
  | LONGBLOB
  | TINYTEXT [BINARY]
  | TEXT [BINARY]
  | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]
  | LONGTEXT [BINARY]
  | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)
  | SET(value1,value2,value3,...)
  | spatial_type

index_col_name:
    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

reference_definition:
    REFERENCES tbl_name [(index_col_name,...)]
               [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]
               [ON DELETE reference_option]
               [ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option:
    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION

table_options: table_option [table_option] ...

table_option:
    [TABLESPACE tablespace_name STORAGE DISK]
    ENGINE [=] engine_name
  | AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value
  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=] value
  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
  | CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1}
  | COMMENT [=] 'string'
  | CONNECTION [=] 'connect_string'
  | MAX_ROWS [=] value
  | MIN_ROWS [=] value
  | PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}
  | PASSWORD [=] 'string'
  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1}
  | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}
  | UNION [=] (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)
  | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST }
  | DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory'
  | INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory'

partition_options:
    PARTITION BY
           [LINEAR] HASH(expr)
        |  [LINEAR] KEY(column_list)
        |  RANGE(expr)
        |  LIST(expr)
    [PARTITIONS num]
    [  SUBPARTITION BY
           [LINEAR] HASH(expr)
         | [LINEAR] KEY(column_list)
      [SUBPARTITIONS num]
    ]
    [(partition_definition) [, (partition_definition)] ...]

partition_definition:
    PARTITION partition_name
        [VALUES {LESS THAN (expr) | MAXVALUE | IN (value_list)}]
        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine-name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]
        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']
        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']
        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]
        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]
        [TABLESPACE [=] (tablespace_name)]
        [NODEGROUP [=] node_group_id]
        [(subpartition_definition) [, (subpartition_definition)] ...]

subpartition_definition:
    SUBPARTITION logical_name
        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine-name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]
        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']
        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']
        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]
        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]
        [TABLESPACE [=] (tablespace_name)]
        [NODEGROUP [=] node_group_id]

select_statement:
    [IGNORE | REPLACE] [AS] SELECT ...   (Some legal select statement)

比如：

CREATE TABLE pet (name VARCHAR(20), owner VARCHAR(20),
    -> species VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, death DATE);

 One of my Table :

II. 修改

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name
    alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification:
    ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
  | ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...)
  | ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        UNIQUE [INDEX] [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD FULLTEXT [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
      [WITH PARSER parser_name]
  | ADD SPATIAL [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]
        FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
        [reference_definition]
  | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}
  | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition
        [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
  | MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
  | DROP [COLUMN] col_name
  | DROP PRIMARY KEY
  | DROP INDEX index_name
  | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol
  | DISABLE KEYS
  | ENABLE KEYS
  | RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name
  | ORDER BY col_name
  | CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]
  | DISCARD TABLESPACE
  | IMPORT TABLESPACE
  | table_options
  | partition_options
  | ADD PARTITION (partition_definition)
  | DROP PARTITION partition_names
  | COALESCE PARTITION number
  | REORGANIZE PARTITION partition_names INTO (partition_definitions)
  | ANALYZE PARTITION partition_names
  | CHECK PARTITION partition_names
  | OPTIMIZE PARTITION partition_names
  | REBUILD PARTITION partition_names
  | REPAIR PARTITION partition_names
  | REMOVE PARTITIONING

1. 添加一行的

比如添加一个AUTO_INCREMENT integer 行c

ALTER TABLE t2 ADD c INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);

2. 修改一行

    比如，将行a从INTEGER改为TINYINT NOT NULL（行名不变），同时将行b从CHAR(10)改为CHAR(20)，并将其改名为c：

ALTER TABLE t2 MODIFY a TINYINT NOT NULL, CHANGE b c CHAR(20);

 

3. 修改名称

ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME t2;

4. 删除一行

ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c;