由于工作原因，需要每隔半小时刷新一些网页，并查看上面的数据是否有更新。这件事能否自动化进行呢？查找了下Java相关的资料，蹦出一个关键词：HttpClient。
HttpClient是常用Http客户端库，相关的资料也不少，只是网上找到的资料好多都是不能用于4.5版的HttpClient，还是需要自己摸索。
在eclipse里新建一个maven工程(maven 3)，在pom.xml中做如下设置：
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 2 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 3 <groupId>test</groupId> 4 <artifactId>admin.test.httpclient</artifactId> 5 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 6 <dependencies> 7 <dependency> 8 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 9 <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> 10 <version>4.5</version> 11 </dependency> 17 </dependencies> 18 <build> 19 <finalName>MvnTest</finalName> 20 <plugins> 21 <plugin> 22 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 23 <version>2.0.2</version> 24 <configuration> 25 <source>1.5</source> 26 <target>1.5</target> 27 </configuration> 28 </plugin> 29 </plugins> 30 </build> 31 </project>
在pom.xml上运行"maven install"命令完成之后，在“Maven Dependencies”下有了四个jar包：
拿某个知名网站发送GET请求做测试，看看效果：
1 public class HttpClientTest { 2 private static String HOST = "www.sina.com"; 3 private static String BASE_URL = "http://"+HOST+"/"; 4 public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException 5 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 6 /// 设置GET请求参数，URL一定要以"http://"开头 7 HttpGet getReq = new HttpGet(BASE_URL); 8 /// 设置请求报头，模拟Chrome浏览器 9 getReq.addHeader("Accept", "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01"); 10 getReq.addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate,sdch"); 11 getReq.addHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8"); 12 getReq.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); 13 getReq.addHeader("Host", HOST); 14 getReq.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/32.0.1700.76 Safari/537.36"); 15 /// 发送GET请求 16 CloseableHttpResponse rep = httpClient.execute(getReq); 17 /// 从HTTP响应中取出页面内容 18 HttpEntity repEntity = rep.getEntity(); 19 String content = EntityUtils.toString(repEntity); 20 /// 打印出页面的内容： 21 System.out.println(content); 22 /// 关闭连接 23 rep.close(); 24 httpClient.close(); 25 } 26 }
得到的页面内容：
1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 2 <!--[5019,2,1] published at 2015-01-01 14:46:19 from #110 by 22--> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 4 <head> 5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 6 <title>WWW.SINA.COM</title> 7 <meta name="keywords" content="sina, ??°???" /> 8 <meta name="description" content="??°???é??é??" /> 9 10 <style type="text/css"> 11 <!-- 12 /* basic setup */ 13 body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, form, fieldset, legend, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td {margin: 0; padding: 0;} 14 body {background: #ebebed url(http://ui.sina.com/assets/img/www/bg_gradient.gif) repeat-x; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; min-height: 100%;} 15 img {border: 0;} 16 em {position: absolute; left: -9999em;} 17 .clearDiv {clear: both;} 18 #wrap { padding: 50px 0 10px;margin:0 auto; width: 775px} 19 20 /* Header */ 21 #header {position: relative; margin: 0 auto; width: 775px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ffa600;} 22 #header h1 {float: left; margin: 0; width: 275px; height: 50px; background: url(http://ui.sina.com/assets/img/www/sina_id_www.gif) no-repeat top left;} 23 #header ul {float: left; margin: 0; width: 500px; height: 50px; list-style: none; font-size: 12px; color: #333; text-transform: capitalize;} 24 #header ul li {float: right; margin: 30px 0 0 0;} 25 #header ul li a {color: #333; text-decoration: none;} 26 #header ul li a:hover {color: #ff9900; text-decoration: none;} 27 28 #map {position: relative; margin: 0; width: 775px; height: 248px;} 29 30 #channel {position: relative; margin: 0; width: 775px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ffa600;} 31 32 /* Footer */ 33 #footer {position: relative; margin: 0 auto; width: 775px; border-top: 1px solid #ffa600;} 34 #footer ul {margin: 10px auto; padding: 0; width: 775px; list-style: none; font-size: 12px; color: #333; text-transform: capitalize; text-align: center;} 35 #footer ul li {display: inline; padding: 2px 5px;} 36 #footer ul li a {color: #333; text-decoration: none;} 37 #footer ul li a:hover {color: #ff9900; text-decoration: none;} 38 39 /* ads */ 40 #ads {position: relative; margin: 5px 0; padding: 0; width: 775px;} 41 #ads ul {margin: 5px 0; width: 775px; list-style: none; text-align: center;} 42 #ads ul li.bnr728 {margin: 5px auto; padding: 0; width: 775px; height: 90px;} 43 #ads ul li.bnr545 {float: left; margin: 5px auto; padding: 0; width: 620px; height: 80px;} 44 #ads ul li.bnr120 {float: left; margin: 5px auto; padding: 0; width: 155px; height: 60px; line-height: 60px;} 45 #ads ul li.bnr120_2 {float: left; margin: 5px auto; padding: 0; width: 155px; height: 80px; line-height: 80px;} 46 47 --> 48 </style> 49 50 <!-- swfObject --> 51 <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ui.sina.com/assets/js/swfobject.js"></script> 52 53 <!-- btn.5 --> 54 <script type="text/javascript"> 55 var flashvars = {}; 56 var params = {}; 57 params.base 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</script> 86 <noScript> 87 <div style='position:absolute;top:0;left:0;0;height:0;visibility:hidden'><img width=0 height=0 src='http://beacon.sina.com.cn/a.gif?noScript' border='0' alt='' /></div> 88 </noScript> 89 <!-- SUDA_CODE_END --> 90 91 <div id="wrap"> 92 <!-- Header --> 93 <div id="header"> 94 <h1><em>??°???????????±???é???§?</em></h1> 95 <ul> 96 <li><a href="http://english.sina.com/index.html" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'english');">Sina English</a></li> 97 </ul> 98 <div class="clearDiv"></div> 99 </div> 100 101 <!-- Map --> 102 <div id="map"> 103 <img src="http://ui.sina.com/assets/img/www/worldmap.jpg" alt="" name="map1" width="775" height="248" border="0" usemap="#Map1" id="Map1" /> 104 105 <map name="Map1" id=""> 106 <area shape="rect" coords="173,81,299,137" href="http://home.sina.com" target="_self" alt="????????°???" title="????????°???" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'us');" /> 107 <area shape="rect" coords="468,81,572,129" href="http://www.sina.com.cn" target="_self" alt="????????°???" title="????????°???" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'beijing');" /> 108 <area shape="rect" coords="482,145,578,184" href="http://www.sina.com.hk" target="_self" alt="é???????°???" title="é???????°???" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'hongkong');" /> 109 <area shape="rect" coords="658,123,755,162" href="http://www.sina.com.tw" target="_self" alt="??°?????°???" title="??°?????°???" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'taipei');" /> 110 </map> 111 </div> 112 113 <!-- Channels --> 114 <div id="channel"> 115 <img src="http://ui.sina.com/assets/img/www/categories-120918.gif" alt="" width="775" height="44" border="0" usemap="#Map4" id="Map4" /> 116 117 <map name="Map4" id=""> 118 <area shape="rect" target="_self" alt="??????" coords="4,3,76,35" href="http://us.weibo.com" onclick="_S_uaTrack('global_guide', 'weibo');" /> 119 <area shape="rect" target="_self" alt="??????" coords="95,3,166,37" href="http://google.sina.com/" 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OK，这样就可以抓到网站主页的数据了。现在的HttpClient对于gzip格式的响应解析做得很好，在内部就解压缩了，不需要使用者做特殊处理。
后续还需要做一个桌面的应用，能够隔几分钟轮询页面，并将所需部分内容是否更新的状态通知给用户的功能。