小菜学设计模式 工厂设计模式 Simple Factory Pattern

设计模式的工厂设计模式。

工厂模式有以下几种形态：

• 简单工厂（Simple Factory）模式
• 工厂方法（Factory Method）模式
• 抽象工厂（Abstract Factory）模式

优点：
工厂类含有必要的判断逻辑，可以决定在什么时候创建哪一个产品类的实例，客户端可以免除直接创建产品对象的责任，而仅仅"消费"产品。简单工厂模式通过这种做法实现了对责任的分割。

缺点：
当产品有复杂的多层等级结构时，工厂类只有自己，以不变应万变，就是模式的缺点。因为工厂类集中了所有产品创建逻辑，一旦不能正常工作，整个系统都要受到影响。

同时，系统扩展困难，一旦添加新产品就不得不修改工厂逻辑，有可能造成工厂逻辑过于复杂。

另外，简单工厂模式通常使用静态工厂方法，这使得无法由子类继承，造成工厂角色无法形成基于继承的等级结构。以上描述来自：C#设计模式（4）－Simple Factory Pattern

 

前台调用时使用：

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Console.Write("请输入数字A：");
                string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
                Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/)：");
                string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
                Console.Write("请输入数字B：");
                string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
                string strResult = "";

                Operation oper;
                oper = OperationFactory.createOperate(strOperate);
                oper.NumberA = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA);
                oper.NumberB = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB);
                strResult = oper.GetResult().ToString();

                Console.WriteLine("结果是：" + strResult);

                Console.ReadLine();


            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错：" + ex.Message);
            }
        }
    }

操作实体类Operation和运算类工厂：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace OperationLibrary
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 运算类
    /// </summary>
    public class Operation
    {
        private double _numberA = 0;
        private double _numberB = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// 数字A
        /// </summary>
        public double NumberA
        {
            get
            {
                return _numberA;
            }
            set
            {
                _numberA = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 数字B
        /// </summary>
        public double NumberB
        {
            get
            {
                return _numberB;
            }
            set
            {
                _numberB = value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 得到运算结果
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 检查输入的字符串是否准确
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="currentNumber"></param>
        /// <param name="inputString"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string checkNumberInput(string currentNumber, string inputString)
        {
            string result = "";
            if (inputString == ".")
            {
                if (currentNumber.IndexOf(".") < 0)
                {
                    if (currentNumber.Length == 0)
                        result = "0" + inputString;
                    else
                        result = currentNumber + inputString;
                }
            }
            else if (currentNumber == "0")
            {
                result = inputString;
            }
            else
            {
                result = currentNumber + inputString;
            }

            return result;
        }


    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 加法类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationAdd : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA + NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 减法类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationSub : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA - NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 乘法类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationMul : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA * NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 除法类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationDiv : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            if (NumberB == 0)
                throw new Exception("除数不能为0。");
            result = NumberA / NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 平方类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationSqr : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberB * NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 平方根类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationSqrt : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            if (NumberB < 0)
                throw new Exception("负数不能开平方根。");
            result = Math.Sqrt(NumberB);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 相反数类
    /// </summary>
    class OperationReverse : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = -NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 运算类工厂
    /// </summary>
public class OperationFactory
{
    public static Operation createOperate(string operate)
    {
        Operation oper = null;
        switch (operate)
        {
            case "+":
                {
                    oper = new OperationAdd();
                    break;
                }
            case "-":
                {
                    oper = new OperationSub();
                    break;
                }
            case "*":
                {
                    oper = new OperationMul();
                    break;
                }
            case "/":
                {
                    oper = new OperationDiv();
                    break;
                }
            case "sqr":
                {
                    oper = new OperationSqr();
                    break;
                }
            case "sqrt":
                {
                    oper = new OperationSqrt();
                    break;
                }
            case "+/-":
                {
                    oper = new OperationReverse();
                    break;
                }
        }

        return oper;
    }
}

}

 类似的结构图。

参考学习：C#设计模式（4）－Simple Factory Pattern