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  • JavaWeb-Filter

    过滤器Filter

    参考视频: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12J411M7Sj?p=24

    Filter:过滤器,用来过滤网站的数据。

    • 处理中文乱码
    • 登陆验证

    路径

    依赖

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>JavaWeb</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.huangdekai</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>0008_filter</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!--   Servlet的依赖     -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--   JSP依赖     -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.3</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--    JSTL表达式的依赖           -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--   standard标签库     -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
                <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.2</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--   连接数据库     -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.47</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>
    

    代码

    • CharacterEncodingFilter
    package com.huangdekai.JavaWeb.filter;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @Autord: HuangDekai
     * @Date: 2020/4/25 1:34
     * @Version: 1.0
     * @since: jdk11
     */
    public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    
        // 初始化 Web服务器启动,就已经初始化了,等待过滤对象出现
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
            System.out.println("CharaterEncodingFilter已经初始化了");
        }
    
        // chain:链
        /*
        * 1.过滤器中的所有代码,在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
        * 2.必须要让过滤器继续进行
        * */
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    
            System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前...");
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);//让请求继续走,如果不写,请求在这里就被拦截停止了
            System.out.println("CharacterEncdoingFilter执行后...");
        }
    
        // 销毁 web服务器关闭,filter销毁
        public void destroy() {
            System.out.println("CharaterEncodingFilter已经销毁了");
        }
    }
    
    

    CharacterEncdoingFilter是过滤器,很显然,功能就是处理中文乱码的问题。注意实现的是javax.servlet.Filter:

    • ShowServlet:
    package com.huangdekai.JavaWeb.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @Autord: HuangDekai
     * @Date: 2020/4/25 1:48
     * @Version: 1.0
     * @since: jdk11
     */
    public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            resp.getWriter().write("你好啊,世界");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    
    

    web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
        
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>com.huangdekai.JavaWeb.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern>
            <url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
        <filter>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.huangdekai.JavaWeb.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <!-- /servlet/* 的意思是只要是/servlet的任何请求,都会经过这个过滤器     -->
            <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    </web-app>
    

    配置好之后,启动Tomcat,可以在IDEA中发现这段:

    可以修改为英文 查看是否是init的内容。这就是过滤器在web服务器的启动时就初始化的证明。

    访问页面

    在上面的Web.xml中设置了两个地址,都可以访问到同一个Servlet:

    而过滤器设置过滤的是/servlet/地址下的所有页面(指的是servlet设置的地址):

    因此分别访问/servlet/show和/show一个能经过过滤器,一个不经过过滤器:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/duzhuan/p/12773641.html
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