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  • CodeForces 711D Directed Roads (DFS判环+计数)

    题意:给定一个有向图,然后你可能改变某一些边的方向,然后就形成一种新图,让你求最多有多少种无环图。

    析:假设这个图中没有环,那么有多少种呢?也就是说每一边都有两种放法,一共有2^x种,x是边数,那么如果有环呢?假设x是这个连通块的边数,

    y是这个环的边数,那么就一共有2^x * (2 ^ y - 2) 种,减去这两种就是一边也不变,和所有的边都就变,这样就形成环了。

    那么怎么计算呢?这个题的边很特殊,所以我们可以利用这个特征,我们在每个连通块时,用vis记录一下开始的父结点,用cnt记录每一个到每个点的深度,

    然后如果产生环了,那么我们就可以很轻松的算出这个环的结点数,用当前的cnt减去就好,然后用sum记录一下环结点的总数,

    最后用n减去环中的结点数,就剩下不是环的结点数了。

    #pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <set>
    #include <queue>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    #include <map>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <stack>
    #include <list>
    #include <sstream>
    #define freopenr freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
    #define freopenw freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
    using namespace std;
    
    typedef long long LL;
    typedef pair<int, int> P;
    const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const double inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f;
    const LL LNF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-8;
    const int maxn = 2e5 + 5;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    const int dr[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1};
    const int dc[] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1};
    const char *de[] = {"0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"};
    int n, m;
    const int mon[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
    const int monn[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
    inline int Min(int a, int b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
    inline int Max(int a, int b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
    inline LL Min(LL a, LL b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
    inline LL Max(LL a, LL b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
    inline bool is_in(int r, int c){
        return r >= 0 && r < n && c >= 0 && c < m;
    }
    int vis[maxn];
    int a[maxn], cnt[maxn];
    LL ans;
    int sum;
    
    LL quick_pow(LL a, LL b){
        LL ans = 1;
        while(b){
            if(b & 1)  ans = (ans * a) % mod;
            b >>= 1;
            a = (a * a) % mod;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    void dfs(int d, int u, int fa){
        vis[u] = fa;
        cnt[u] = d;
        if(!vis[a[u]])  dfs(d+1, a[u], fa);
        else if(vis[a[u]] == fa){
            sum += cnt[u]-cnt[a[u]]+1;
            ans = (ans * (quick_pow(2LL, cnt[u]-cnt[a[u]]+1) - 2 + mod)) % mod;
        }
    }
    
    int main(){
        while(scanf("%d", &n) == 1){
            memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
            memset(cnt, 0, sizeof cnt);
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)  scanf("%d", &a[i]);
    
            ans = 1, sum = 0;
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i){
                if(vis[i])  continue;
                dfs(0, i, i);
            }
    
            ans = (ans * quick_pow(2LL, n-sum)) % mod;
            cout << ans << endl;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dwtfukgv/p/5824253.html
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