Linux_MySql_tar_安装（转）

系统版本：CentOs 7.*

Mysql版本：5.7.17（自己测试版本）

根据博主【大大的橙子】博文转载记录（大部分照搬了，只修改少许部分）

一、基本环境部署

#卸载系统自带的Mariadb
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

#删除etc目录下的my.cnf文件
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
rm: cannot remove ?etc/my.cnf? No such file or directory

#检查mysql是否存在
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

#检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无创建
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql 
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]#  cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

#创建mysql用户组
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# groupadd mysql
#创建一个用户名为mysql的用户并加入mysql用户组
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
#制定password 为111111
[root@hdp265dnsnfs ~]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

#由于我的/usr/local空间不足，所以我安装到/var
[root@hdp265dnsnfs var]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@hdp265dnsnfs var]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql57

#更改所属的组和用户
[root@hdp265dnsnfs var]# chown -R mysql mysql57/
[root@hdp265dnsnfs var]# chgrp -R mysql mysql57/
[root@hdp265dnsnfs var]# cd mysql57/
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# mkdir data
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# chown -R mysql:mysql data

二、MySql配置

[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# vi /etc/my.cnf
....
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8 
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#设置3306端口
port = 3306 
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/var/mysql57
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/var/mysql57/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
.....
#保存退出 :wq

三、MySql安装与初始化

[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/var/mysql57/ --datadir=/var/mysql57/data/
2017-04-17 17:40:02 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2017-04-17 17:40:05 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2017-04-17 17:40:05 [WARNING] 2017-04-17T09:40:02.728710Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2017-04-17T09:40:02.729161Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2017-04-17T09:40:02.729167Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 407 (requested 2000)
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf 
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ERROR...

PS：这上面这一步困了好久

#错误如下
150718 00:03:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.  
150718 00:03:38 mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld  
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation  
directory and restart this script from there as follows:  
./bin/mysqld_safe&  

解：mysqld_safe启动脚本默认的从/usr/local/mysql目录中读取另外一个启动脚本mysqld，因为我的安装目录为/var/mysql57 所以找不到相关文件。

[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# cd /usr/local
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# ln -s /var/mysql57/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld

[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

四、其他操作

#加入环境变量
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# vi /etc/profile
...
export PATH=$PATH:/var/mysql57/bin
...
#保存退出 :wq
#获得初始密码
[root@hdp265dnsnfs mysql57]# cat /root/.mysql_secret  
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2017-04-17 17:40:02 
_pB*3VZl5T<6

#修改MySql密码
[root@hdp265dnsnfs bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('111111');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#添加远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+-----------+
| host      | user      |
+-----------+-----------+
| %         | root      |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
+-----------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
#create user 'xxx'@'%' identified by '123';  这里 @‘%’ 表示在任何主机都可以登录

#重启生效(ps:CENTOS 6.* 系列使用service mysqld (start|stop|status)操作)
[root@hdp265dnsnfs /]# bin/systemctl restart  mysql.service
[root@hdp265dnsnfs /]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

#在任何目录下可以登录MySql
ln -s /var/mysql57/bin/mysql   /usr/bin/mysql

五、将3360端口加入开放端口

# centos 7
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# centos 6
# 用vi编辑器打开文档添加以下:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# 打开端口：
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT 
# 关闭端口：
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 7777 -j DROP
# 重启防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables restart

CentOS 6：
1、开启端口（以80端口为例）
      方法一：
         /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 端口号 -j ACCEPT   写入修改
         /etc/init.d/iptables save   保存修改
        service iptables restart    重启防火墙，修改生效
       方法二：
       vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  打开配置文件加入如下语句:
       -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 端口号 -j ACCEPT   重启防火墙，修改完成
2、关闭端口
     方法一：
         /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 端口号 -j DROP   写入修改
         /etc/init.d/iptables save   保存修改
        service iptables restart    重启防火墙，修改生效
       方法二：
       vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  打开配置文件加入如下语句:
       -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 端口号 -j DROP   重启防火墙，修改完成
3、查看端口状态
      /etc/init.d/iptables status

六、添加开机自启

chkconfig --add mysqld

PS：必要时关闭防火墙

# 查看有哪些端口被防火墙允许

firewall-cmd 命令 https://blog.csdn.net/s_p_j/article/details/80979450

firewall-cmd --list-ports

# centos 7
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
firewall-cmd --state #查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）
# centos 6
# 临时关闭防火墙
service iptables stop
# 永久关闭防火墙
chkconfig iptables off