项目一：CRM(客户关系管理系统)--12--自定义用户认证

自定义的用户认证在django的官方网站中有详细的说明：

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/auth/customizing/

第一步：首先需要在models.py中需要定义两部分

1. 用于认证的数据表字段信息：

class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
    email = models.EmailField(
        verbose_name='邮箱地址',
        max_length=255,
        unique=True,
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='用户名称')
    date_of_birth = models.DateField(null=True, verbose_name='出生日期')
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = UserProfileManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'　　# 定义哪个字段是用户名字段，即对应登陆页面中的用户名
    # REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth']
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']　　# 定义必填字段有哪些

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        "Does the user have a specific permission?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        "Is the user a member of staff?"
        # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
        return self.is_admin

    def get_short_name(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        pass

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = '登陆账户'

其中objects = UserProfileManager()是为了引用创建超级用户和普通用户所定义的方法，USERNAME_FIELD,REQUIRED_FIELDS按需进行修改；
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'　　# 定义哪个字段是用户名字段，即对应登陆页面中的用户名
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']　　# 定义必填字段有哪些
即python3.6 manage.py createsuperuser调用的方法，这个类就定义了两个方法，create_user和create_superuser:

class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            name=name,
            # date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.is_active = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            email,
            password=password,
            # date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
            name=name,
        )
        user.is_active = True
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

这里需要注意的是，create_user/create_superuser需要与数据库对应的表定义的字段对应，参数传递也要一一对应；

用于认证的数据表需要定义一个get_short_name方法，否则会引发一个方法未重载的错误；原因就是UserProfile继承的基类

AbstractBaseUser强制重载该方法，如果没有该方法就引发一个异常：

def get_short_name(self):
    raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of AbstractBaseUser must provide a get_short_name() method.')

数据表定义完后，需要python3.6 manage.py makemigrations/python3.6 manage.py migrate让数据表定义生效。

第二步：需要在admin.py中注册这两个类：UserProfile、UserProfileManager。

from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import render
from . import models
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
# from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField

from CRM.models import UserProfile

# Register your models here.


class CustomerInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('qq', 'name', 'consultant', 'consult_course', 'status', 'date')
    list_filter = ('refer_path', 'consultant', 'date')
    search_fields = ('qq', 'name')
    raw_id_fields = ('consult_course', )
    list_editable = ('status', )
    filter_horizontal = ('tags', )
    actions = ("test_action",)

    def test_action(self, request, arg2):
        print('test action:', self, request, arg2)
        return render(request, "kingadmin/default.html")
    test_action.short_description = '测试'


class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
    fields, plus a repeated password."""
    password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ('email', 'name', 'date_of_birth')

    def clean_password2(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        return password2

    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Save the provided password in hashed format
        user = super().save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user


class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
    the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
    password hash display field.
    """
    password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()

    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ('email', 'password', 'name', 'date_of_birth', 'is_active', 'is_admin')

    def clean_password(self):
        # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
        # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
        # field does not have access to the initial value
        return self.initial["password"]


class UserProfileAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    # The forms to add and change user instances
    form = UserChangeForm
    add_form = UserCreationForm

    # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
    # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
    # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
    list_display = ('email', 'name', 'date_of_birth', 'is_admin')
    list_filter = ('is_admin',)
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'name', 'password')}),
        ('Personal info', {'fields': ('date_of_birth',)}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
    )
    # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
    # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('email', 'name', 'date_of_birth', 'password1', 'password2')}
        ),
    )
    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ()

# Now register the new UserAdmin...
admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)
admin.site.register(models.CustomerInfo, CustomerInfoAdmin)
admin.site.register(models.Campus)
admin.site.register(models.ClassRecord)
admin.site.register(models.ClassTable)
admin.site.register(models.Curriculum)
admin.site.register(models.CustomerFollowUp)
admin.site.register(models.Enrollment)
admin.site.register(models.LearningRecord)
admin.site.register(models.Menu)
admin.site.register(models.PaymentRecord)
admin.site.register(models.Role)
admin.site.register(models.Tag)
# admin.site.register(models.UserProfile)
# admin.site.register(models.UserProfileManager)
admin.site.register(models.SubMenu)

UserCreationForm　　# 创建新用户表单
UserChangeForm　　　　# 改变用户信息表单
第三步：需要在settings.py中指定用于用户认证的数据库表类：
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'CRM.UserProfile'

效果如下：

自此，用户自定义认证基本完成，但是目前只能了解到这个程度，以后了解更多会在这里补充，也欢迎高人指点！！！