1 概述
本文在Centos7.6下介绍mysql的分支mariadb的安装方法和过程。
2 安装
2.1 yum安装
yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
查看版本
[root@mysqldb ~]# rpm -q mariadb-server mariadb
mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
2.2 设置开机自启动
[root@mysqldb ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
2.3 配置安全脚本
安装完后，root密码默认是空，因此需要进行配置安全控制程序。
配置前需要先启动mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
启动安全配置程序
[root@mysqldb ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #密码是空，回车即可。
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y #是否设置root密码，这里进行设置
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y #删除匿名用户
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n #允许root远程登陆数据库
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n #不删除test数据库，后面测试可以使用
... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y #重载授权表
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
按照上面的提示进行配置，大致就ok了。
2.4 登陆数据库
上面已经设置了密码，因此不能只通过mysql就登陆数据库，后面必须加上用户和密码。
[root@mysqldb ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: #输出密码，不建议放在-p后面明文显示
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
2.5 基本命令
查看数据库
show databases;
进入数据库
use mysql;
查看表列表
show tables;
查看表结构
desc user;
查看版本：
MariaDB [mysql]> select version();
+----------------+
| version() |
+----------------+
| 5.5.60-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.6 目录结构
| 目录 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| /var/lib/mysql | mysql数据文件存放路径，可以自定义 |
| /etc/my.cnf | mysql配置文件地址 |
| /usr/lib64/mysql | mysql库文件路径 |
| /usr/bin/mysql* | mysql二进制可执行文件路径 |
| /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld | mysql服务管理脚本地址 |
| /var/log/mysqld.log | mysql日志文件地址 |
3 总结
本文只是简单介绍一下安装的过程，方便进行一些简单的测试。