目录
MySQL的RPM包包括很多套件，老一点版本一般直接安装Server和Client就可以。较新的版本由于包之间存在更多的依赖关系，通常需要下载以下几个包才可以完成标准的安装。
mysql-community-server数据库服务器和相关工具mysql-community-clientMySQL客户端应用程序和工具mysql-community-libsMySQL数据库客户端应用程序的共享库mysql-community-common服务器和客户端库的通用文件mysql-community-libs-compat以前的MySQL安装的共享兼容性库
1.下载RPM包
下载RPM捆绑包tar文件，该文件包含上面列出的所有RPM软件包，无需再一个个单独下载它们。
官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
2.解压tar文件
gzip mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar.gz
mysql-community-client-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3.处理原始环境
一台服务器只能安装一个版本的MySQL/MariaDB软件，所以需要删除原有的MySQL/MariaDB
[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysqld
[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps
[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
4.安装MySQL相关包
sudo yum install -y mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*
#因为依赖关系最终安装了6个包
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 219 M
mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 732 k
mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 9.0 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 20 M
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 6.0 M
mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 2.0 G
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Install 6 Packages
仅安装客户端程序
可以除去mysql-community-server软件包的安装
sudo yum install -y mysql-community-{client,common,libs}-*
5.使用RPM软件包标准安装的MySQL的目录结构
| 文件 | 位置 |
|---|---|
| 客户端和脚本 | /usr/bin |
| mysqld服务器 | /usr/sbin |
| 配置文件 | /etc/my.cnf |
| 数据目录 | /var/lib/mysql |
| 错误日志 | /var/log/mysqld.log |
| System V初始化脚本 | /etc/init.d/mysqld |
| PID文件 | /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid |
| socket文件 | /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock |
| 客户端和脚本 | /usr/bin |
6.启动MySQL
在安装过程结束时，不会自动启动MySQL。对于Red Hat Enterprise Linux，Oracle Linux，CentOS和Fedora系统，使用以下命令来启动MySQL：
[root@tidb02 lib]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@tidb02 lib]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-05-09 23:10:11 CST; 9s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 12519 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 12596 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─12596 /usr/sbin/mysqld
May 09 23:10:02 tidb02 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 09 23:10:11 tidb02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
使用标准的systemctl命令（例如stop，start，status和restart）来管理MySQL服务器服务
7.连接MySQL
MySQL 5.7之后的版本，在初次启动MySQL时会生成临时的密码。超级用户'root'@'localhost'临时密码存储在错误日志文件中，可以通过查看/var/log/mysqld.log来获取。本实例中密码为RCraca*d5Fo0
[root@tidb02 share]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2021-05-09T15:10:07.052428Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RCraca*d5Fo0
用临时密码登录
[root@tidb02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.24
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
临时密码无法正常操作数据库
比如想查看当前数据库列表，会提示如下错误：
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
修改临时密码
提示必须要修改初始密码，才能执行命令，可以用如下命令进行修改：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Test@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
修改的密码强度规则
新密码必须满足密码强度规则，默认规则如下：
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
简单解释一下，新密码至少为8位（length），其中大小写字母至少各一个（mixed_case_count），数字至少一个（number_count），特殊字符至少一个（special_char_count）。如果不满足以上任一条件，则提示如下错误：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'test@123';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
至此，RPM包安装MySQL完毕。
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