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  • Linux netstat命令详解

    简介

    Netstat 命令用于显示各种网络相关信息,如网络连接,路由表,接口状态 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 连接,多播成员 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。

    输出信息含义

    执行netstat后,其输出结果为

    [vagrant@centos6 ~]$ netstat|more
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED
    Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
    Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node Path
    unix  11     [ ]         DGRAM                    11021  /dev/log
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11556  @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    8986   @/org/kernel/udev/udevd
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17777
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17776

    从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:

    OUTPUT
       Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, raw)
       Proto
           The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.
    
       Recv-Q
           The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.
    
       Send-Q
           The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

    一个是Active Internet connections,称为有源TCP连接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指的是接收队列和发送队列,这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积,这种情况非常少见。

       Active UNIX domain Sockets
       Proto
           The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.
    
       RefCnt
           The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).
    
       Flags
           The  flags  displayed  is  SO_ACCEPTON  (displayed as ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE (N).  SO_ACCECPTON is used on
           unconnected sockets if their corresponding processes are waiting for a connect request. The other flags are not of nor-
           mal interest.
    
       Type
           There are several types of socket access:
    
           SOCK_DGRAM
                  The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.
    
           SOCK_STREAM
                  This is a stream (connection) socket.
    
           SOCK_RAW
                  The socket is used as a raw socket.

    另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。

    Proto显示连接使用的协议,
    RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程数量,
    Types显示套接口的类型,
    State显示套接口当前的状态,
    Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。

    常见参数

    -a (all)显示所有选项,netstat默认不显示LISTEN相关
    -t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项
    -u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项
    -n 拒绝显示别名,能显示数字的全部转化成数字。(重要)
    -l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态
    
    -p 显示建立相关链接的程序名(macOS中表示协议 -p protocol)
    -r 显示路由信息,路由表
    -e 显示扩展信息,例如uid等
    -s 按各个协议进行统计 (重要)
    -c 每隔一个固定时间,执行该netstat命令。

    提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到 

    实用命令实例

    1. 列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)

    列出所有端口:     netstat -a
    列出所有tcp端口:  netstat -at
    列出所有udp端口:  netstat -au

    2. 列出所有处于监听状态的 Sockets

    只显示监听端口:          netstat -l
    只列出所有监听tcp端口:   netstat -lt
    只列出所有监听udp端口:   netstat -lu
    只列出所有监听UNIX端口:  netstat -lx

    3. 显示每个协议的统计信息

    显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s

    [vagrant@centos6 ~]$ netstat -s
    Ip:
        2081 total packets received
        2 with invalid addresses
        0 forwarded
        0 incoming packets discarded
        2079 incoming packets delivered
        1319 requests sent out
    Icmp:
        0 ICMP messages received
        0 input ICMP message failed.
        ICMP input histogram:
        0 ICMP messages sent
        0 ICMP messages failed
        ICMP output histogram:
    Tcp:
        0 active connections openings
        3 passive connection openings
        0 failed connection attempts
        0 connection resets received
        1 connections established
        1957 segments received
        1103 segments send out
        0 segments retransmited
        0 bad segments received.
        1 resets sent
    Udp:
        122 packets received
        0 packets to unknown port received.
        0 packet receive errors
        216 packets sent
    UdpLite:
    TcpExt:
        9 delayed acks sent
        1 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
        730 packets header predicted
        5 acknowledgments not containing data received
        1036 predicted acknowledgments
        0 TCP data loss events
    IpExt:
        InOctets: 146500
        OutOctets: 132340

    显示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的统计信息 netstat -st 或 -su

    # netstat -st 
    # netstat -su

    4. 显示 PID 和进程名称

    netstat -p 可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加 “PID/进程名称” 到 netstat 输出中,这样 debugging 的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。

    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -pt
    Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED 3008/sshd
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED 2813/sshd

    5. 不显示主机,端口和用户名 (host, port or user)

    当你不想让主机,端口和用户名显示,使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。该参数可以加速output的输出,因为不用进行比对查询。

    # netstat -an
    # 如果只是不想让这三个名称中的一个被显示,使用以下命令 # netsat
    -a --numeric-ports # netsat -a --numeric-hosts # netsat -a --numeric-users

    6. 持续输出 netstat 信息

    netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。

    # netstat -t -c 2

    7. 显示系统不支持的地址族 (Address Families)

    netstat --verbose

    8. 显示核心路由信息

    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -rn
    Kernel IP routing table
    Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
    10.0.2.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
    169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth0
    0.0.0.0         10.0.2.2        0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
    
    # 注意: 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式,不查询主机名称,效果等价于route -n

    9. 找出程序运行的端口

    并不是所有的进程都能找到,没有权限的会不显示,使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。

    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -apn | grep ssh
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1438/sshd
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED 3008/sshd
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED 2813/sshd
    tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      1438/sshd
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18443  3008/sshd
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18442  3011/sshd
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    18439  3008/sshd
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17777  2813/sshd
    unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17776  2816/sshd
    unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    17773  2813/sshd

    找出运行在指定端口的进程

    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -an | grep ':22'
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED
    tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN

    10. 显示网络接口列表

    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -i
    Kernel Interface table
    Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
    eth0       1500   0    12125      0      0      0     5474      0      0      0 BMRU
    lo        65536   0        0      0      0      0        0      0      0      0 LRU
    
    [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -ie
    Kernel Interface table
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:5D:A4:AF
              inet addr:10.0.2.15  Bcast:10.0.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe5d:a4af/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:12131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:5477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
              RX bytes:7474852 (7.1 MiB)  TX bytes:580343 (566.7 KiB)
    
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
              RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

    11. IP和TCP分析

    查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址/TCP各种状态列表:

    http://www.cnblogs.com/echo1937/p/6646208.html

    参考资料:http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/01/08/2316661.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/echo1937/p/6677325.html
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