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  • struct与class区别联系(转)

    传送门:struct与class区别联系

    注意C中的struct和C++中的struct是不一样的,c中的struct比较原生,仅仅是将一些属性封装起来构成一个整体,没有OO的相关特性。而c++中的struct是对c中的struct进行扩展(兼容c中的struct),具备OO的特性,其实c++中的class能干的事情struct几乎都能干,什么继承、多态等都OK。直接看下面代码,不同编译器对结果可能不一样:

    `#include <stdio.h>
    struct A
    {
    int a;
    //D:githubcpp_hello_world>gcc -x c structtest.cpp
    //structtest.cpp:7:5: error: expected ‘:’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘}’ or ‘__at
    // _’ before ‘{’ token
    void print() // pure c, this is not allowd
    {
    printf("a printf %d ", a);
    }
    };

    struct B : A
    {
    int b;
    B(int bb)
    {
    b = bb;
    a = -1;
    }
    B(){b = 0; a = 2;}
    };

    class C
    {
    public: // if there's no pubic, cannot use this way: C c = {11};
    int c;
    char d;
    void func() //normal function(no construct/inherit .etc OO properties), you can also use this way: C c = {11};
    {
    printf("%d, %c ", c, d);
    }
    //C(){}
    };

    struct D
    {
    int c;
    char d;
    D() // if there's no Construct or some other OO properties(like inherit), you can use this way: D d = {1,'y'}
    {
    c = -1;
    d = 'x';
    }
    };

    struct E
    {
    int c;
    char d;
    void func() //normal function, you can also use this way: E e = {2,'z'};
    {
    printf("%d, %c ", c, d);
    }
    };

    struct AA
    {
    private:
    int a;
    public:
    int b;
    };
    class BClass: AA
    {
    public:
    void fun()
    {
    printf("%d ", b);
    }
    };
    struct BStruct: AA
    {
    void func()
    {
    printf("%d ", b);
    }
    };

    struct Base
    {
    virtual void fun()
    {
    printf("Base ");
    }
    };
    struct Child: Base
    {
    void fun()
    {
    printf("Child ");
    }
    };

    int main()
    {
    B b, b1(1);
    printf("%d, %d ", b.b, b.a);
    printf("%d, %d ", b1.b, b1.a);
    A a = {10};
    printf("%d ", a.a);
    C c = {11, 'a'};
    C c1 = {'d'}; //convert to int
    C c2 = {}; //init with default
    C c3;
    printf("%d, %c ", c.c, c.d);
    printf("%d, %c, %d ", c1.c, c1.d, c1.d);
    printf("%d, %d ", c2.c, c2.d);
    printf("%d, %c ", c3.c, c3.d);//uninit, vs2012 will show Run-Time Check Failure #3 window,
    c3.func();//uninit, but this way will pass the "Run-Time Check" in vs2012
    //D d = {1,'y'}; //error: in C++98 ‘d’ must be initialized by constructo not by ‘{...}’
    //printf("%d, %c ", d.c, d.d);

    E e = {2,'z'};
    printf("%d, %c ", e.c, e.d);
    e.func();

    BClass bclass;
    BStruct bstruct;
    bclass.fun();
    bstruct.func();
    //printf("%d", bclass.b); // “AA::b”不可访问,因为“BClass”使用“private”从“AA”继承
    printf("%d ", bstruct.b); //OK

    Base base;
    Child child;
    base.fun();
    child.fun();
    Base* base2 = &child;
    base2->fun();

    return 0;
    }`

    VisualStudio 2012默认debug和release结果:

    Image(8)[4]73028934dad360862f6ed22a22a35c24

    G++ 4.5.3, 默认和O2(g++ -O2 structtest.cpp)结果:

    600b675239e56d6d70ac255f68e353f544e877ad37f3a2a6f5a77577dfb4adc5

    mac下的g++(Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn))无优化和O2结果
    struct-and-class

    不同编译器结果不一样主要是体现在printf函数实现(有空再研究下)下以及C c3的未初始化(注意c2和c3的区别)~ 这也告诉我们一定要注意初始化啊~未初始化的值是未定义的,啥结果可能都有。

    可以看出:

    区别关键就是访问控制,struct默认是public,class默认是private。包括struct下定义的属性/成员访问控制(默认public),继承方式默认public。几个注意的地方,struct还能继承class,class也能继承struct,一定条件下class也能像struct用{…}初始化构造.当struct/class带有OO特性时,如继承、构造函数、虚函数时,除了默认的访问控制符外,struct跟class行为完全一样。例子中的通过{…}提供参数化列表构造一个实例,class也能通过这样的方式构造。当有继承、构造函数等OO特性定义(非成员函数)时,即便是struct也不能通过{…}初始化构造.

    另外,class在c++中还能在模版定义中,类似(typename),而struct不行。

    以上算是struct和class的区别和联系吧。核心思想是记住c++中的struct也能用于OOP,与class的默认访问控制权限不一样。

    Reference : http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_48f587a80100k630.html

    C# struct和class区别: http://www.cnblogs.com/gsk99/archive/2011/05/20/1904552.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/egbert/p/5531336.html
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