整体结构图：
附：
聚合(Aggregation) : 表示has-a的关系，是一种不稳定的包含关系。较强于一般关联,有整体与局部的关系,并且没有了整体,局部也可单独存在。如公司和员工的关系，公司包含员工，但如果公司倒闭，员工依然可以换公司。在类图使用空心的菱形表示，菱形从局部指向整体。
依赖(Dependency)：对象之间最弱的一种关联方式，是临时性的关联。代码中一般指由局部变量、函数参数、返回值建立的对于其他对象的调用关系。一个类调用被依赖类中的某些方法而得以完成这个类的一些职责。在类图使用带箭头的虚线表示，箭头从使用类指向被依赖的类。
AVCodecContext
这是一个描述编解码器上下文的数据结构，包含了众多编解码器需要的参数信息，如下列出了部分比较重要的域：
typedef struct AVCodecContext {
......
/**
* some codecs need / can use extradata like Huffman tables.
* mjpeg: Huffman tables
* rv10: additional flags
* mpeg4: global headers (they can be in the bitstream or here)
* The allocated memory should be FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE bytes larger
* than extradata_size to avoid prolems if it is read with the bitstream reader.
* The bytewise contents of extradata must not depend on the architecture or CPU endianness.
* - encoding: Set/allocated/freed by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set/allocated/freed by user.
*/
uint8_t *extradata;
intextradata_size;
/**
* This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
* of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
* timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
* identically 1.
* - encoding: MUST be set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
AVRationaltime_base;
/* video only */
/**
* picture width / height.
* - encoding: MUST be set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
* Note: For compatibility it is possible to set this instead of
* coded_width/height before decoding.
*/
int width, height;
......
/* audio only */
intsample_rate; ///< samples per second
int channels; ///< number of audio channels
/**
* audio sample format
* - encoding: Set by user.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
enumSampleFormatsample_fmt; ///< sample format
/* The following data should not be initialized. */
/**
* Samples per packet, initialized when calling 'init'.
*/
intframe_size;
intframe_number; ///< audio or video frame number
......
char codec_name[32];
enumAVMediaTypecodec_type; /* see AVMEDIA_TYPE_xxx */
enumCodecIDcodec_id; /* see CODEC_ID_xxx */
/**
* fourcc (LSB first, so "ABCD" -> ('D'<<24) + ('C'<<16) + ('B'<<8) + 'A').
* This is used to work around some encoder bugs.
* A demuxer should set this to what is stored in the field used to identify the codec.
* If there are multiple such fields in a container then the demuxer should choose the one
* which maximizes the information about the used codec.
* If the codec tag field in a container is larger then 32 bits then the demuxer should
* remap the longer ID to 32 bits with a table or other structure. Alternatively a new
* extra_codec_tag + size could be added but for this a clear advantage must be demonstrated
* first.
* - encoding: Set by user, if not then the default based on codec_id will be used.
* - decoding: Set by user, will be converted to uppercase by libavcodec during init.
*/
unsigned intcodec_tag;
......
/**
* Size of the frame reordering buffer in the decoder.
* For MPEG-2 it is 1 IPB or 0 low delay IP.
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
*/
inthas_b_frames;
/**
* number of bytes per packet if constant and known or 0
* Used by some WAV based audio codecs.
*/
intblock_align;
......
/**
* bits per sample/pixel from the demuxer (needed for huffyuv).
* - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
* - decoding: Set by user.
*/
intbits_per_coded_sample;
......
} AVCodecContext;
如果是单纯使用libavcodec，这部分信息需要调用者进行初始化；如果是使用整个FFMPEG库，这部分信息在调用 avformat_open_input和avformat_find_stream_info的过程中根据文件的头信息及媒体流内的头部信息完成初始化。其中几个主要域的释义如下：
1. extradata/extradata_size：这个buffer中存放了解码器可能会用到的额外信息，在av_read_frame中填充。一般来说，首先，某种具体格式的demuxer在读取格式头信息的时候会填充extradata，其次，如果demuxer没有做这个事情，比如可能在头部压根儿就没有相关的编解码信息，则相应的parser会继续从已经解复用出来的媒体流中继续寻找。在没有找到任何额外信息的情况下，这个buffer指针为空。
2. time_base：
3. width/height：视频的宽和高。
4. sample_rate/channels：音频的采样率和信道数目。
5. sample_fmt： 音频的原始采样格式。
6. codec_name/codec_type/codec_id/codec_tag：编解码器的信息。