40操作系统

1. 简介

操作系统是管理硬件资源，为上层库与软件提供接口系统软件。

2. 基于Linux操作系统

序号	描述	链接
01	内核构建系统	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8244895.html
02	进程	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/4740512.html
03	线程	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8151516.html
04	进程间通信	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8157793.html
05	内存管理
06	文件系统	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/7765716.html
07	网络	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8079470.html
08	字符驱动	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8214379.html
09	内核调式技术	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8227903.html
10	竞争与并发	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8228142.html
11	Linux服务器初始化配置	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/5968846.html

  

3. 基于Windows操作系统

序号	描述	链接
01	Windows服务	http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/8677052.html

4. 操作系统软件

操作系统设置

序号	描述	链接
01	CentOS 初始化配置	https://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/5968846.html

序号	描述	链接
01	CentOS 初始配置	https://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/5968846.html
02	Ubuntu LAMP环境	https://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/10036951.html

一、参考资料

<Understanding the Linux Kernel>    Daniel P.Bovet && Marco Cesati

<Linux Device Drivers>   Jonathan Corbet

<Linux Kernel Development> Robert Love

<Advance Programming in the UNIX Environment> W. Richard Stevens

<深入理解Linux虚拟内存管理>

<深入理解Linux网络内幕>

 

BSD操作系统

https://cis.temple.edu/~ingargio/old/cis307s96/

 

经典网站：

https://www.infradead.org/~mchehab/kernel_docs/index.html

http://www.elinux.org/     Embeded Linux WiKi

http://kerneltrap.org/

https://www.linux.com/

https://kernelnewbies.org/Documents
https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/

http://www.tldp.org/

http://www.kerneltravel.net/

http://www.daimabus.com/

Linux 邮件列表

http://fxr.watson.org/

http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source  内核源码

https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/lk/lk.html#toc3

https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/start

https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelBuild  内核编译

http://derekmolloy.ie/writing-a-linux-kernel-module-part-1-introduction/

 

二、操作系统主要模块

内核区分与服务 

 

三、Hello World

三类驱动

* 字符设备

* 块设备

* 网络接口

 

一个Hello World 模块 

/**
 * @file    hello.c
 * @author  elewei
 * @date    2017/01/06
 * @version 0.2
 * @brief  一个Linux Hello World 模块！ 
 * 当调用insmod加载内核模块时，在/var/log/kern.log文件中显示消息
 * 模块可以添加一个参数， Hello name
 * @see http://www.cnblogs.com/elewei/p/7688444.html 查看详细信息
 */
 
#include <linux/init.h>             // Macros used to mark up functions e.g., __init __exit
#include <linux/module.h>           // Core header for loading LKMs into the kernel
#include <linux/kernel.h>           // Contains types, macros, functions for the kernel
 
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");              // < The license type -- this affects runtime behavior
MODULE_AUTHOR("Elewei");            // < The author -- visible when you use modinfo
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple Linux driver module example");  ///< The description -- see modinfo
MODULE_VERSION("0.2");              ///< The version of the module
 
static char *name = "world";        ///< An example LKM argument -- default value is "world"
module_param(name, charp, S_IRUGO); ///< Param desc. charp = char ptr, S_IRUGO can be read/not changed
MODULE_PARM_DESC(name, "The name to display in /var/log/kern.log");  ///< parameter description
 
/** @brief The LKM initialization function
 *  The static keyword restricts the visibility of the function to within this C file. The __init
 *  macro means that for a built-in driver (not a LKM) the function is only used at initialization
 *  time and that it can be discarded and its memory freed up after that point.
 *  @return returns 0 if successful
 */
static int __init hello_init(void){
   printk(KERN_INFO "EBB: Hello %s from the BBB LKM!
", name);
   return 0;
}
 
/** @brief The LKM cleanup function
 *  Similar to the initialization function, it is static. The __exit macro notifies that if this
 *  code is used for a built-in driver (not a LKM) that this function is not required.
 */
static void __exit hello_exit(void){
   printk(KERN_INFO "EBB: Goodbye %s from the BBB LKM!
", name);
}
 
/** @brief A module must use the module_init() module_exit() macros from linux/init.h, which
 *  identify the initialization function at insertion time and the cleanup function (as
 *  listed above)
 */
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

 

Makefile

// Makefile
obj-m += hello.o

all:
    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean

 

上面的Makefile可以这样写

# 如果KERNELRELEASE已经定义, 可以从内核编译系统调用
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

obj-m := hello.o

# 否则直接从命令行调用内核编译系统 
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

endif

 

 

第一步：编译内核 

make

 

第二步：插入模块

insmod ./hello.ko

 

第三步：查看模块

lsmod

 

第四步：移除模块

rmmod hello

 

 

编写一unix程序，防止僵尸进程的出现

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
    int pid;
    pid=fork();

    if(pid==0)
    {
        printf("This is child process,pid=%d,bye!
",getpid());
        exit(0);
    }

    sleep(1);
    printf("Press return to remove zombie process
");
    getchar();

    wait(NULL);
    printf("Press return to exit
");
    getchar();
    return 0;
}