centos7环境使用mysql离线安装包安装mysql5.7

 

服务器环境：centos7 x64

需要安装mysql5.7+

一、卸载CentOS7系统自带mariadb

# 查看系统自带的Mariadb
[root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

# 卸载系统自带的Mariadb(rpm -e --nodeps) 
[root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

# 删除etc目录下的my.cnf 
[root@CDH-141 ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf

二、检查mysql是否存在

# 检查mysql是否存在
[root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@CDH-141 ~]# 

三、查看用户和组是否存在

1）检查mysql组合用户是否存在

# 检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无则创建
[root@CDH-141 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@CDH-141 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql 

# 查询全部用户（只是做记录，没必要执行）

2）若不存在，则创建mysql组和用户

# 创建mysql用户组
[root@CDH-141 ~]# groupadd mysql

# 创建一个用户名为mysql的用户，并加入mysql用户组
[root@CDH-141 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

# 制定password 为111111  (用户mysql的密码)
[root@CDH-141 ~]# passwd mysql

Changing password for user mysql.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

四、下载mysql离线安装包tar文件

官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

版本选择，可以选择一下两种方式：

1）使用Red Hat Enterprise Linux
   Select Version:5.7.35
   Select Operating System:Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux
   Select OS Version:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)
   列表中下载：
   Compressed TAR Archive：(mysql-5.7.35-el7-x86_64.tar.gz)
2）使用Linux - Generic
  Select Version:5.7.35
  Select Operating System:Linux - Generic
  Select OS Version:Linux - Generic (glibc 2.12) (x86, 64-bit)
  列表中下载：
  Compressed TAR Archive：(mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz)【本文中使用的是这个版本】

注意：上边两种方式找mysql离线安装包的方式都可以。

五、上传第四步下载的mysql TAR包

# 进入/usr/local/文件夹
[root@CDH-141 ~]# cd /usr/local/

# 上传mysql TAR包
[root@CDH-141 local]# rz

# 解压mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@CDH-141 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

bin  full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS  include  lib64    mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  share
etc  games                          lib      libexec  sbin                                 src
[root@CDH-141 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.25-lin
...
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/install_rewriter.sql
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/uninstall_rewriter.sql
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/magic
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_BIN
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_SRC
[root@CDH-141 local]# ls
bin  full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS  include  lib64    mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  share
etc  games                          lib      libexec  mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin                                        src

# 进入/usr/local下，修改为mysql
[root@CDH-141 local]# mv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@CDH-141 local]# ls
bin  etc  full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  sbin  share  src

六、更改所属的组和用户

[root@CDH-141 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@CDH-141 local]# chown -R mysql mysql/
[root@CDH-141 local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/
[root@CDH-141 local]# cd mysql/
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data

备注：

chown -R mysql:mysql ./

chown [选项]... [所有者][:[组]] 文件...

  必要参数:

       -c 显示更改的部分的信息
　　　　-f 忽略错误信息
　　　　-h 修复符号链接
　　　　-R 处理指定目录以及其子目录下的所有文件
　　　　-v 显示详细的处理信息
　　　　-deference 作用于符号链接的指向，而不是链接文件本身
　　选择参数:
　　　　--reference=<目录或文件> 把指定的目录/文件作为参考，把操作的文件/目录设置成参考文件/目录相同拥有者和群组
　　　　--from=<当前用户：当前群组> 只有当前用户和群组跟指定的用户和群组相同时才进行改变
　　　　--help 显示帮助信息
　　　　--version 显示版本信息

七、在/etc下创建my.cnf文件

[root@CDH-141 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql

# 创建my.cnf文件
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# touch my.cnf #  或者  cd ''>my.conf

# 编辑my.cnf
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# vi my.conf

[mysql]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql client default chararter
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql server port  
port = 3323 #默认是3306，这里发现3306已经被占用，因此防止这种情况发生，可以避免使用3306mysql默认端口
# set mysql install base dir
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# set the data store dir
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# set the number of allow max connnection
max_connections=200
# set server charactre default encoding
character-set-server=utf8
# the storage engine
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysql.server]
user=mysql #用户不是mysql时，更改此处
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

八、进入mysql文件夹，并安装mysql

# 进入mysql
[root@CDH-141 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql

# 安装mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

2019-03-08 18:11:07 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2019-03-08 18:11:24 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2019-03-08 18:11:24 [WARNING] 2019-03-08T10:11:07.208602Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead

设置文件及目录权限：

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown 777 my.cnf
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  man  my.cnf  README  share  support-files

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# ls -l
total 60
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 bin
-rw-r--r--  1  7161 31415 17987 Dec 21 18:39 COPYING
drwxr-x---  5 mysql mysql  4096 Mar  8 16:21 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 include
drwxr-xr-x  5 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 lib
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 man
-rw-r--r--  1   777 root    516 Mar  8 16:19 my.cnf
-rw-r--r--  1  7161 31415  2478 Dec 21 18:39 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root   4096 Mar  8 15:56 support-files
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

九、启动mysql

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

MySQL server PID file could not be found![FAILED]
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.err'.
..The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid).[FAILED]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

出现错误，解决方案如下：

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql
root     32483  0.0  0.0 113252  1620 pts/0    S    18:04   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid
mysql    32684  0.1  0.1 1119892 178224 pts/0  Sl   18:04   0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=CDH-141.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid --port=3323
root     35137  0.0  0.0 112648   944 pts/0    S+   18:12   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

#关闭进程
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# kill -9 32684
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 198: 32684 Killed                  nohup /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=CDH-141.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid --port=3323 < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1

#确认是否还占用
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#  ps aux|grep mysql
root     35501  0.0  0.0 112644   948 pts/0    S+   18:13   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
MySQL server PID file could not be found![FAILED]
Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#

# 重启mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..[  OK  ]
Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

在Linux<CentOS>服务器上安装Mysql，由于Centos自身的yum源中用Mysql的分支Mariadb代替了MySQL，所以不得不选择rpm或tar.gz包的方式安装，

但是为了以后在其他LInux如Ubuntu中也能熟练安装MySQL，所以推荐使用tar.gz

运行命令：service mysqld start

出现如下错误：

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/mysql/mysql-5.7.35/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
2021-08-13T01:01:52.896471Z mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/mysql/mysql-5.7.35/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).

执行命令：cat /usr/mysql/mysql-5.7.35/data/localhost.localdomain.err查看错误原因

error内容如下：

[ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied
[ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ?

结合先前写入配置/etc/my.cnf：

由上不难理解——

第一：

mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.

“var/lib/mysql”目录不存在，首要先创建：

mkdir /var/lib/mysql

第二：

Mysql客户端和服务器端是通过初始化mysql.sock 文件来进行通信，所以服务器在启动时需要写入该文件，因此该文件所存放的目录必须双方都

具有访问权限。而异常日志中表示：

[ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied
所以，MySQL服务不具备目录 /var/lib/mysql 的写入权限，无法生成mysql.sock文件，自然服务启动时无法找到该文件。

给目录 /var/lib/mysql 付予写入权限或者最大权限 chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql

最终：
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「公众号：流花鬼」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32331073/article/details/76229420

十、设置开机启动

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (26122)[  OK  ]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

十一、修改配置文件

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# vim /etc/profile

修改/etc/profile，在最后添加如下内容
# 修改/etc/profile文件
#set mysql environment
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 使文件生效

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# source /etc/profile

十二、获得mysql初始密码

 1）获得mysql初始密码

[root@CDH-141 mysql]#  cat /root/.mysql_secret  

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2019-03-08 17:40:42
poc3u0mO_luv
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

2）修改密码

Enter password: #此处填写上边获取到的初始密码‘poc3u0mO_luv’
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>  set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye


备注：

修改密码时报错：
Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'

上述提示可能在启动mysql时遇到，即在/tmp/mysql.sock位置找不到所需要的mysql.sock文件，主要是由于my.cnf文件里对mysql.sock的位置设定导致。

mysql.sock默认的是在/var/lib/mysql, 如果发现确实是在该目录下，可以在[mysqld]下面加入mysql.sock的path

vi /etc/my.cnf(my.cnf也可能在其他路径下)

[mysqld]

port = 3306

socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

但是要保证使用mysql的用户具有对该目录的写权限，否则这样的改动由于权限限制仍然会报错。

所以为了避免权限问题也可以使用软链接为/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock创建一个到/tmp/mysql.sock的联接

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

由于/tmp/文件夹默认对other有w权限，这样就可以避免权限问题。

此外，如果发现mysql.sock不在默认的/var/lib/mysql位置，一种解决方法是使用find命令搜索mysql.sock的位置，然后按前面两种解决方案挑一种做即可。

————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「rush 2」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33026067/article/details/113219372

3）验证新密码是否登录成功：

[root@CDH-141 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: #此处输入新密码‘123456’
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show tables;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

十三、添加远程访问权限

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

十四、重启mysql生效

# 重启mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL..[  OK  ]
Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# 

备注：
    由于安装在/usr/local下面的mysql，因此可以在热河文件夹启动mysql
    若安装在别的文件夹，请执行以下命令：

   # 为了在任何目录下可以登录mysql
 
     ln -s /你的mysql路径/mysql /usr/local/mysql


 申明原贴：https://www.cnblogs.com/yy3b2007com/p/10497787.html