Linux5

1、为主机新增两块30GB的SCSI硬盘
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda

磁盘 /dev/sda：42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节，83886080 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000a8e09

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

磁盘 /dev/sdb：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc

磁盘 /dev/sdc：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

2、划分3个主分区，各5GB，剩余空间作为扩展分区
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sdb：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xbd5c2535

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        10487808    20973567     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        20973568    31459327     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb4        31459328    62914559    15727616    5  Extended

3、在扩展分区中建立2个逻辑分区，容量分别为2GB、10GB
   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        10487808    20973567     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        20973568    31459327     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb4        31459328    62914559    15727616    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5        31461376    35655679     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb6        35657728    56629247    10485760   83  Linux
4、将第一个逻辑分区的类型改为swap

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
分区号 (1-6，默认 6)：5
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：82
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux swap / Solaris”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sdb：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xbd5c2535

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        10487808    20973567     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        20973568    31459327     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb4        31459328    62914559    15727616    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5        31461376    35655679     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb6        35657728    56629247    10485760   83  Linux

5、将第一个主分区格式化为ext4
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
6、将第二个主分区格式化为xfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb2
7、将第三个主分区格式化为FAT32
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb3
mkfs.fat 3.0.20 (12 Jun 2013)
8、创建 /data1 /data2 /data3
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /{data1,data2,data3}
9、将第一个主分区挂载到/data1，在目录中创建文件测试，并实现 /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1       /data1        ext4    defaults       12 

[root@localhost ~]# df -i /dev/sdb1
文件系统        Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/sdb1      327680      11  327669       1% /data1
10、将第二个主分区挂载到/data2，在目录中创建文件测试，并实现 /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data3
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb2       /data2                          xfs     defaults         12
[root@localhost ~]# df -i /dev/sdb2
文件系统         Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)% 挂载点
/dev/sdb2      2621440       3 2621437       1% /data3
11、将第二个主分区挂载到/data3，在目录中创建文件测试，并基于UUID实现 /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb3 /data3
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb3
/dev/sdb3: UUID="B5B1-C817" TYPE="vfat"
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb3 >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb3: UUID="B5B1-C817" TYPE="vfat"
12、将第一个逻辑分区格式化swap格式，将swap分区扩展，测试查看
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 2097148 KiB
无标签，UUID=3207f938-49dc-4bba-b075-de6d4a801027
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
文件名    类型  大小 已用 权限
/dev/dm-1                               partition 2097148 0 -1
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal"
SwapTotal:       2097148 kB
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdb5
[root@localhost ~]# swapon -s
文件名    类型  大小 已用 权限
/dev/dm-1                               partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/sdb5                               partition 2097148 0 -2
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal"
SwapTotal:       4194296 kB
13、通过xftp等工具将linux.iso 传到linux虚拟机中，并挂载查看内容

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  linux.iso  公共  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /iso
[root@localhost ~]# mount /root/linux.iso /iso
mount: /dev/loop0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# ls /iso
manifest.txt     VMwareTools-10.3.2-9925305.tar.gz  vmware-tools-upgrader-64
run_upgrader.sh  vmware-tools-upgrader-32

14、基于文件方式将SWAP扩大500M

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo |grep "SwapTotal"
SwapTotal:       4194296 kB
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=500
记录了500+0 的读入
记录了500+0 的写出
524288000字节(524 MB)已复制，4.54386 秒，115 MB/秒

15、利用dd命令将光盘内容制作成iso镜像文件

法一：mkdir /media/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
ls /media/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/root/linux-1.iso
法二：
cp /dev/cdrom /root/linux-2.iso

16、查看磁盘的使用情况

df-Th  或者 df -i /dev/sdb   

17、利用parted命令将上述分区过程对另一个硬盘重做一遍

[root@localhost ~]# parted -l
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          启动
 2      1075MB  42.9GB  41.9GB  primary               lvm

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 1      1049kB  5370MB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 2      5370MB  10.7GB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 3      10.7GB  16.1GB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 4      16.1GB  21.5GB  5369MB  primary               lvm

错误: /dev/sdc: unrecognised disk label
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)                                   
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv: 12.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  标志
 1      0.00B  12.9GB  12.9GB  xfs

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     标志
 1      0.00B  2147MB  2147MB  linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 39.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  标志
 1      0.00B  39.7GB  39.7GB  xfs

警告: 无法以读写方式打开 /dev/sr0 (只读文件系统)。/dev/sr0 已按照只读方式打开。
Model: NECVMWar VMware IDE CDR10 (scsi)                                  
Disk /dev/sr0: 4521MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 2      4751kB  41.6MB  36.8MB  primary

[root@localhost ~]# parted  /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)                                                                 
(parted) q
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help                                                            
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free
        space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of
        GNU Parted
(parted) mklabel                                                         
新的磁盘标签类型？
aix    amiga  bsd    dvh    gpt    loop   mac    msdos  pc98   sun   
新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志

(parted) gpt                                                             
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free
        space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of
        GNU Parted
(parted) mkpart
分区名称？  []? part1                                                    
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 5G                                                              
结束点？ 10G                                                             
(parted) mkpart
分区名称？  []? part2                                                    
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 1G                                                              
结束点？ 5G                                                              
(parted) mkpart                                                          
分区名称？  []? part3                                                    
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 10G                                                             
结束点？ -1                                                              
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 2      1000MB  5000MB  3999MB               part2
 1      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part1
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) q
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]# parted -l                                            
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          启动
 2      1075MB  42.9GB  41.9GB  primary               lvm

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 1      1049kB  5370MB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 2      5370MB  10.7GB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 3      10.7GB  16.1GB  5369MB  primary               lvm
 4      16.1GB  21.5GB  5369MB  primary               lvm

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 2      1000MB  5000MB  3999MB               part2
 1      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part1
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv: 12.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  标志
 1      0.00B  12.9GB  12.9GB  xfs

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     标志
 1      0.00B  2147MB  2147MB  linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 39.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  标志
 1      0.00B  39.7GB  39.7GB  xfs

警告: 无法以读写方式打开 /dev/sr0 (只读文件系统)。/dev/sr0 已按照只读方式打开。
Model: NECVMWar VMware IDE CDR10 (scsi)                                  
Disk /dev/sr0: 4521MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  标志
 2      4751kB  41.6MB  36.8MB  primary

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help                                                            
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free
        space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of
        GNU Parted
(parted) mklabel
新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt                                                   
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/sdc will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do
you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? y                                                          
(parted) mkpart                                                          
分区名称？  []? part1                                                    
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 1G                                                              
结束点？ 5G                                                              
(parted) mkpart                                                          
分区名称？  []? part2
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 5G                                                              
结束点？                                                                 
结束点？ 10G                                                             
(parted) mkpart
分区名称？  []? part3                                                    
文件系统类型？  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点？ 10G                                                             
结束点？ -1                                                              
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 1      1000MB  5000MB  3999MB               part1
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) quit                                                            
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/sdc*                                      
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 8月   2 09:00 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 33 8月   2 09:00 /dev/sdc1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 34 8月   2 09:00 /dev/sdc2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 35 8月   2 09:00 /dev/sdc3
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
244320 inodes, 976384 blocks
48819 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1000341504
30 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8144 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: 完成                           
正在写入inode表: 完成                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /sdc1/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /sdc1/
[root@localhost sdc1]# echo ceshiwenjian > test.txt
[root@localhost sdc1]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# umount /sdc1/
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 1      1000MB  5000MB  3999MB  ext4         part1
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) rm 1                                                            
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) rescue
起始点？ 1                                                               
结束点？ 5G                                                              
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) rescue                                                          
起始点？ 1                                                               
结束点？ 5G                                                              
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) rescue                                                          
起始点？ 1G                                                              
结束点？ 5G                                                              
正在搜索文件系统... 47% (剩余时间 00:06)信息: A ext4 primary partition was found at 1000MB -> 5000MB.  Do you want to add it to the partition
table?
是/Yes/否/No/放弃/Cancel? y                                              
(parted) p                                                               
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   标志
 1      1000MB  5000MB  3999MB  ext4
 2      5000MB  10.0GB  5001MB               part2
 3      10.0GB  32.2GB  22.2GB               part3

(parted) q                                                               
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /sdc1/                               
[root@localhost ~]# cat /sdc1/test.txt
ceshiwenjian

18、尝试利用shell脚本配置yum仓库

19、尝试利用shell脚本配置httpd服务

20、尝试利用shell脚本将2~12题实现

注意：18 19 20 作为扩展，大家可以选作