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  • MySQL高可用架构之MySQL5.7.19 PXC

    CentOS7.3下Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.19集群部署
    PXC三节点安装：
    node1：10.10.10.11
    node2：10.10.10.12
    node3：10.10.10.13

    软件版本选择：
    Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.19-rel17-29.22.3.Linux.x86_64.ssl101
    percona-xtrabackup-2.4.11-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt11.tar.gz/percona-xtrabackup-2.4.12-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt11.tar.gz

    注意openssl版本,ssl100、ssl101、ssl102分别对应三类linux版本，所以下载ssl101

    #node1、node2、node3
    操作系统版本
    [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
    CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
    [root@node1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
    * firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Active: inactive (dead)
    Docs: man:firewalld(1)
    [root@node1 ~]#
    [root@node1 ~]# getenforce
    Disabled

    [root@node1 ~]#cat /etc/hosts
    #for pxc test
    10.10.10.13 node3
    10.10.10.11 node1
    10.10.10.12 node2

    安装依赖包：
    yum install -y git scons gcc gcc-c++ openssl check cmake bison boost-devel asio-devel libaio-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel pam-devel socat

    创建MySQL,basedir和datadir,编辑my.cnf
    [root@node1 ~]#ls /opt/source
    percona-xtrabackup-2.4.12-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt11.tar.gz
    Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.19-rel17-29.22.3.Linux.x86_64.ssl101.tar.gz
    [root@node1 ~]#tar -zxf percona-xtrabackup-2.4.12-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt11.tar.gz
    [root@node1 ~]#tar -zxf Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.19-rel17-29.22.3.Linux.x86_64.ssl101.tar.gz
    [root@node1 ~]#ln -s /opt/source/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.14-rel8-26.17.1.Linux.x86_64.ssl100 /usr/local/pxc

    ln -s /opt/source/xtrabackup-2.4.11/bin/xtrabackup /opt/source/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.22-rel22-29.26.1.Linux.x86_64.ssl101/bin/xtrabackup


    [root@node1 ~]#mkdir -p /data/mysql_33071/{data,logs,run,tmp}
    [root@node1 ~]#groupadd -g 1000 mysql
    [root@node1 ~]#useradd -r -g mysql -u 1000 -s /bin/false mysql
    编辑my.cnf配置文件
    [root@node1 ~]#vi /data/mysql_33071/my.cnf

    [root@node1 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql_33071
    [root@node1 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/pxc

    node1的操作：
    #node1:初始化实例和启动实例方式
    /usr/local/pxc/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql_33071/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/pxc --datadir=/data/mysql_33071/data --user=mysql
    在错误日志，记录下root初始密码！
    启动实例：
    /usr/local/pxc/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql_33071/my.cnf --ledir=/usr/local/pxc/bin --wsrep_new_cluster &
    #当采用自定义路径的my.cnf初始化及启动实例的时候，需要首先指定defaults-file；而且mysqld采用自定义路径时，需要指定ledir

    [root@masterdb ~]#ps -ef |grep mysql
    root 27690 1 0 9 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/pxc/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql_33071/my.cnf --ledir=/usr/local/pxc/bin --wsrep_new_cluster
    mysql 28111 27690 0 9 ? 00:11:07 /usr/local/pxc/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql_33071/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/pxc --datadir=/data/mysql_33071/data
    --plugin-dir=/usr/local/pxc/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --wsrep-provider=/usr/local/pxc/lib/libgalera_smm.so --wsrep-new-cluster --log-error=/data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql_error.log --pid-file=/data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql.pid
    --socket=/data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock --port=33071 --wsrep_start_position=4946b0f0-ad00-11e8-8524-f2562c72b43b:5
    修改root密码：
    [root@node1 ~]#mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
    mysql> set password=password('root');
    mysql> flush privileges;
    创建sst user，并授予相应权限
    mysql> CREATE USER 'sstuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'sstuser';
    mysql> GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'sstuser'@'localhost';
    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

    备份数据库
    [root@node1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password="root" --socket=/data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock /tmp/

    node2、node3的操作：
    ###node2、node3：###

    用node1的备份，在节点2、节点3进行恢复;启动，加入复制集

     innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=xxxxxx --apply-log /data/2019-01-12_22-45-44
     innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=xxxxxx --copy-back /data/2019-01-12_22-45-44

    /usr/local/pxc/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql_33071/my.cnf --ledir=/usr/local/pxc/bin &
    验证：
    node1检查pxc状态
    mysql> show global status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
    +--------------------+-------+
    | Variable_name | Value |
    +--------------------+-------+
    | wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
    +--------------------+-------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    show status like 'wsrep%';

    mysql> show global status like 'wsrep_incoming_addresses';
    +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    | Variable_name | Value |
    +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    | wsrep_incoming_addresses | 10.10.10.12:33071,10.10.10.13:33071,10.10.10.11:33071 |
    +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

     1 [root@node1 ~]#vi /data/mysql_33071/my.cnf
 2 [client]
 3 socket=/data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
 4 port = 33071
 5 
 6 [mysqld]
 7 port = 33071
 8 server_id = 330711
 9 user = mysql
10 basedir = /usr/local/pxc
11 datadir =/data/mysql_33071/data
12 tmpdir  = /data/mysql_33071/tmp
13 
14 socket = /data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
15 pid-file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql.pid
16 log-error = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql_error.log
17 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/slow.log
18 log_warnings = 2
19 long_query_time = 1
20 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
21 
22 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
23 
24 ## pxc variables ##
25 # Path to Galera library
26 wsrep_provider=/usr/local/pxc/lib/libgalera_smm.so
27 # Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
28 wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.10.10.11,10.10.10.12,10.10.10.13
29 # In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
30 binlog_format=ROW
31 # MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
32 default_storage_engine=InnoDB
33 # This InnoDB autoincrement locking mode is a requirement for Galera
34 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
35 # Node name
36 #wsrep_node_name = pxc1
37 wsrep_node_name = masterdb
38 # Node 1 address
39 wsrep_node_address=10.10.10.11
40 # SST method默认情况下，Percona XtraDB群集使用Percona XtraBackup进行状态快照传输（SST）
41 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
42 # Cluster name
43 wsrep_cluster_name=my-pxc
44 # Authentication for SST method
45 wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:sstuser" #将SST的身份验证凭据指定为<sst_user>：<sst_pass>
    node1:my.cnf
     1 [client]
 2 socket=/data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
 3 port = 33071
 4 
 5 [mysqld]
 6 port = 33071
 7 server_id = 330712
 8 user = mysql
 9 basedir = /usr/local/pxc
10 datadir =/data/mysql_33071/data
11 tmpdir  = /data/mysql_33071/tmp
12 
13 socket = /data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
14 pid-file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql.pid
15 log-error = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql_error.log
16 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/slow.log
17 log_warnings = 2
18 long_query_time = 1
19 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
20 
21 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
22 
23 ## pxc variables ##
24 # Path to Galera library
25 wsrep_provider=/usr/local/pxc/lib/libgalera_smm.so
26 # Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
27 wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.10.10.11,10.10.10.12,10.10.10.13
28 # In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
29 binlog_format=ROW
30 # MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
31 default_storage_engine=InnoDB
32 # This InnoDB autoincrement locking mode is a requirement for Galera
33 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
34 # Node name
35 #wsrep_node_name = pxc2
36 wsrep_node_name = qa06.010150020097.yz
37 # Node 1 address
38 wsrep_node_address=10.10.10.12
39 # SST method
40 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
41 # Cluster name
42 wsrep_cluster_name=my-pxc
43 # Authentication for SST method
44 wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:sstuser"
45 
46 pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
    node2:my.cnf
     1 [client]
 2 socket=/data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
 3 port = 33071
 4 
 5 [mysqld]
 6 port = 33071
 7 server_id = 330713
 8 user = mysql
 9 basedir = /usr/local/pxc
10 datadir =/data/mysql_33071/data
11 tmpdir  = /data/mysql_33071/tmp
12 
13 socket = /data/mysql_33071/run/mysql.sock
14 pid-file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql.pid
15 log-error = /data/mysql_33071/logs/mysql_error.log
16 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_33071/logs/slow.log
17 log_warnings = 2
18 long_query_time = 1
19 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
20 
21 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
22 
23 ## pxc variables ##
24 # Path to Galera library
25 wsrep_provider=/usr/local/pxc/lib/libgalera_smm.so
26 # Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
27 wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.10.10.11,10.10.10.12,10.10.10.13
28 # In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
29 binlog_format=ROW
30 # MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
31 default_storage_engine=InnoDB
32 # This InnoDB autoincrement locking mode is a requirement for Galera
33 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
34 # Node name
35 wsrep_node_name = cgdb.010150020132.yz
36 # Node 1 address
37 wsrep_node_address=10.10.10.13
38 # SST method
39 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
40 # Cluster name
41 wsrep_cluster_name=my-pxc
42 # Authentication for SST method
43 wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:sstuser"
44 
45 pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
    node3:my.cnf

    Percona XtraDB Cluster与MySQL Replication区别在于：
    分布式系统的CAP理论：
    C— 一致性，所有节点的数据一致；
    A— 可用性，一个或多个节点失效，不影响服务请求；
    P— 分区容忍性，节点间的连接失效，仍然可以处理请求；
    任何一个分布式系统，需要满足这三个中的两个。

    MySQL Replication: 可用性和分区容忍性；
    Percona XtraDBCluster: 一致性和可用性。
    因此MySQL Replication并不保证数据的一致性，而Percona XtraDB Cluster提供数据一致性

     阅读：

    https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5685371.html
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/elontian/p/9570685.html
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