mysql 主从部署

1.准备3台服务器  （如果是镜像的同一个mysql 需要注意，同步的时候要修改uuid）

   192.168.0.74 主服务器

   192.168.0.75 从服务器

   192.168.0.18 maxscale 服务器

2.配置主服务器 192.168.0.74

  1.vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#指定服务器id
server_id=74
#启用binlog日志，并指定文件名后缀
log-bin=master74
## 复制过滤：也就是指定哪个数据库不用同步（mysql库一般不同步）
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=sys
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schem
## 为每个session 分配的内存，在事务过程中用来存储二进制日志的缓存
binlog_cache_size=16M
### 主从复制的格式（mixed,statement,row，默认格式是statement）
binlog_format=mixed
### 二进制日志自动删除/过期的天数。默认值为0，表示不自动删除。
expire_logs_days=30
### 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
### 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062
### 控制binlog的写入频率。每执行多少次事务写入一次
### 这个参数性能消耗很大，但可减小MySQL崩溃造成的损失，为0表示不控制
sync_binlog = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
~

  2.重启生效   systemctl restart mysqld

2.主服务器添加授权用户，并查看bInlog日志信息

 登录主服务器

mysql -u root -p 123456

mysql> grant all on *.*to repluser@'%' identified by '111111';

  mysql> show master status;

3.从服务器配置  

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
server_id=75
## 复制过滤：也就是指定哪个数据库不用同步（mysql库一般不同步）
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=sys
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schem
## 为每个session 分配的内存，在事务过程中用来存储二进制日志的缓存
binlog_cache_size=16M
### 主从复制的格式（mixed,statement,row，默认格式是statement）
binlog_format=mixed
### 二进制日志自动删除/过期的天数。默认值为0，表示不自动删除。
expire_logs_days=30
### 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
### 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062
### relay_log配置中继日志
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
### log_slave_updates表示slave将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志
### 主要为了作为其他的master
log_slave_updates=ON
### 防止改变数据(除了特殊的线程)
read_only=1 #(为了使备机随时转正，所以这里允许写)
### MySQL主从复制的时候，当Master和Slave之间的网络中断，但是Master和Slave无法察觉的情况下（比如防火墙或者路由问题）。Slave会等待slave_net_timeout设置的秒数后，才能认为网络出现故障，
然后才会重连并且追赶这段时间主库的数据,默认60
slave-net-timeout = 20
### 如果启用，此变量将在服务器启动后立即启用自动中继日志恢复。
relay_log_recovery = ON
### 该变量确定从站在中继日志中的位置是写入FILE还是写入表
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE

 保存 生效  systemctl restart mysqld

3.登录 从服务器 配置好ip ，账号，密码   注意， master_log_file 的路径，master重启一次，这个值就会变化一次，要重新运行

change master to master_host='192.168.1.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master50.000001',master_log_pos=154;

show slave status\G; 查看同步状况
start slave; 开启同步

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master74.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 629
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 794
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master74.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 629
              Relay_Log_Space: 1001
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 74
                  Master_UUID: d1dcb1cd-5e38-11ec-9d29-fa202017ac1f
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:

Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 

表示成功

如果有false  则表示同步失败

报错： Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.

表示从库和主库的uuid 相同

解决： 找到auto.cnf文件，修改里面的uuid值，保证各个db的uuid不一样，重启db即可

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name auto.cnf
/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf    //查看主数据库auto.cnf文件中的UUID信息
[auto]
server-uuid=e46c9961-5780-11ea-bf2f-000c291a8b6b

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123qqq...A
...
mysql> show variables like '%server_uuid%';   //查看主数据库UUID
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                                |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid   | e46c9961-5780-11ea-bf2f-000c291a8b6b |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+

更改从库数据
[root@dbsrv2 ~]# mv /data/mysqldata/auto.cnf  /data/mysqldata/auto.cnf.bk  ###重命名该文件
[root@dbsrv2 ~]#  systemctl restart mysqld          ###重启mysql

 添加数据在主库上添加后，可以在从库上看到数据 从库上添加数据后，主库看不到 

三、配置MaxScale代理服务器

maxscale下载地址：https://downloads.mariadb.com/MaxScale/

[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# rpm -ivh maxscale-2.4.5-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm
warning: maxscale-2.4.5-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 28c12247: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libgnutls.so.28()(64bit) is needed by maxscale-2.4.5-1.x86_64
libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_1_4)(64bit) is needed by maxscale-2.4.5-1.x86_64
libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_3_0_0)(64bit) is needed by maxscale-2.4.5-1.x86_64
libgnutls.so.28(GNUTLS_3_1_0)(64bit) is needed by maxscale-2.4.5-1.x86_64
[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# rpm -ivh maxscale-2.4.5-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: maxscale-2.4.5-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 28c12247: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:maxscale-2.4.5-1 ################################# [100%]

修改 配置文件

vim /etc/maxscale.cnf

内容

2.4中移除MySQL驱动，全部统一使用MariaDB驱动，即配置文件中，选择驱动的时候，不需要修改**[MariaDB Monitor]为[MySQL Monitor]**

# MaxScale documentation:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-maxscale-24/

# Global parameters
#
# Complete list of configuration options:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-maxscale-24-mariadb-maxscale-configuration-guide/

[maxscale]

# 开启线程个数，默认为1.设置为auto会同cpu核数相同

threads=auto

# timestamp精度

#ms_timestamp=1

# 将日志写入到syslog中

#syslog=1

# 将日志写入到maxscale的日志文件中

#maxlog=1

# 不将日志写入到共享缓存中，开启debug模式时可打开加快速度

#log_to_shm=0

# 记录告警信息

#log_warning=1

# 记录notice

#log_notice=1

# 记录info

#log_info=1

# 不打开debug模式

#log_debug=0

# 日志递增

#log_augmentation=1

# 相关目录设置

#basedir=/usr/local/maxscale/

#logdir=/u01/maxscale/logs/trace/

#datadir=/u01/maxscale/data/

#cachedir=/u01/maxscale/cache/

#piddir=/u01/maxscale/tmp/

# Server definitions
#
# Set the address of the server to the network
# address of a MariaDB server.
#

[server1]
type=server
address=192.168.0.74
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend
#serv_weight=3 #读的比重

[server2]
type=server
address=192.168.0.75
port=3306
protocol=MariaDBBackend
#serv_weight=3 #读的比重

# Monitor for the servers
#
# This will keep MaxScale aware of the state of the servers.
# MariaDB Monitor documentation:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-maxscale-24-mariadb-monitor/

[MariaDB-Monitor]
type=monitor
module=mariadbmon
servers=server1,server2
user=maxscale_monitor
password=12345
# 心跳间隔20s
monitor_interval=2000
# 如果有5.1的mysql版本,一定要设置此项,否者slave频繁报lost_slave

#mysql51_replication=true

  # 当slave断掉时,是否将所有访问指向master

  #detect_stale_master = true

# Service definitions
#
# Service Definition for a read-only service and
# a read/write splitting service.
#

# ReadConnRoute documentation:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-maxscale-24-readconnroute/

#[Read-Only-Service]
#type=service
#router=readconnroute
#servers=server1
#user=myuser
#password=mypwd
#router_options=slave

# ReadWriteSplit documentation:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-maxscale-24-readwritesplit/

[Read-Write-Service]
type=service
router=readwritesplit
servers=server1,server2
user=maxscale_route
password=12345
#所有的slave提供select查询服务
max_slave_connections=100%
#master_accept_reads=true #master是否接受读请求

#auth_all_servers=true  #

#log_auth_warnings=true #身份验证失败和警告的日志记录，记录那些试图连接到MaxScale和来自哪里

#filters=Hint   #强制select走master的选项

#允许slave落后master多少秒

max_slave_replication_lag=3600

# Listener definitions for the services
#
# These listeners represent the ports the
# services will listen on.
#

#[Read-Only-Listener]
#type=listener
#service=Read-Only-Service
#protocol=MariaDBClient
#port=4008

[Read-Write-Listener]
type=listener
service=Read-Write-Service
protocol=MariaDBClient
port=4006

保存cnf

然后在主从服务器上配置 cnf中的账户

1.监视账户  这个地方感觉应该用到% 如果用到固定ip的话，客户端连接会失败

grant all privileges on *.* to 'maxscale_monitor'@'%' identified by '123456';

2.路由账户

grant all privileges on *.* to 'maxscale_route'@'%' identified by '123456';

然后运行 maxscale.cnf 如果报错 libgnutls.so.28, 安装 yum install gnutls

[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# maxscale -f /etc/maxscale.cnf
maxscale: error while loading shared libraries: libgnutls.so.28: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# yum install gnutls

重新运行 maxscale.cnf  加用户运行 

maxscale -f /etc/maxscale.cnf -U maxscale

查看是否运行成功

netstat -ntlup |grep maxscale

网上说的有配置 

maxadmin -uadmin -pmariadb -P4016  这种的是低版本的，高版本的已经去掉这个了

直接运行  查看服务

maxctrl list services

maxctrl list servers  

[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# maxscale -f /etc/maxscale.cnf
Error: MaxScale cannot be run as root.
Failed to write child process message!
[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# maxscale -f /etc/maxscale.cnf -U maxscale

找到一台安装mysql的服务器  然后链接maxscale 

 mysql -u maxscale_monitor -p -h 192.168.0.18 -P4006             192.168.0.18是maxscale 服务器，4006是cnf中配置的监听ip  maxscale_monitor 是在主机上创建的账号

然后  在maxscale 运行 

  maxctrl list services

 maxctrl list servers  

查看连接数

[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# maxctrl list servers
┌─────────┬──────────────┬──────┬─────────────┬─────────────────┬──────┐
│ Server  │ Address      │ Port │ Connections │ State           │ GTID │
├─────────┼──────────────┼──────┼─────────────┼─────────────────┼──────┤
│ server1 │ 192.168.0.74 │ 3306 │ 1           │ Master, Running │      │
├─────────┼──────────────┼──────┼─────────────┼─────────────────┼──────┤
│ server2 │ 192.168.0.75 │ 3306 │ 1           │ Slave, Running  │      │
└─────────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────────────┴─────────────────┴──────┘
[root@instance-0k9n9mw6 solf]# maxctrl list services
┌────────────────────┬────────────────┬─────────────┬───────────────────┬──────────────────┐
│ Service            │ Router         │ Connections │ Total Connections │ Servers          │
├────────────────────┼────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ Read-Write-Service │ readwritesplit │ 1           │ 1                 │ server1, server2 │
└────────────────────┴────────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────────┴──────────────────┘