python学习（二十六）网络编程

1、request方法 发送get请求

from urllib import request
import json

url='xxx/stu_info?stu_name=xiaohei'
req=request.urlopen(url,)#打开一个url发送get请求
content=req.read().decode()#获取返回结果
res_dic=json.loads(content)#返回结果转成字典
if res_dic.get('error_code')==0:
    print('测试通过')
else:
    print('测试失败',res_dic)

2、request方法 发送post请求

from urllib import request,parse

url='http:xxx/login'
data={
    'username':'admin',
    'passwd':'aA123456'
    }#请求数据
data=parse.urlencode(data) #urlencode自动拼好参数
req=request.urlopen(url,data.encode())  #发post请求
print(req.read().decode())

3、requests方法 发送get请求

import requests
url='http://xxx/stu_info'
data={'stu_name':'小黑'}   #请求数据
req=requests.get(url,params=data) #发get请求
print(req.json())   #字典
print(req.text)#string，json串

4、requests方法 发送post请求

import requests
url='http://xxx/api/user/login'
data={'username':'niuhanyang','passwd':'aA123456'}  #请求数据
req=requests.post(url,data)#发送post请求
print(req.json())

5、入参是json类型

import requests,random
url='http://xxx/api/user/add_stu'
phone=random.randint(10000000000,99999999999)
data={
    "name":"刘佳",
    "grade":"天蝎座",
    "phone":phone,
    "sex":"女",
    "age":28,
    "addr":"河南省济源市北海大道32号"
  }
req=requests.post(url,json=data)
print(req.json())

6、检验cookie

import requests
url='http://xxx/api/user/gold_add'
data={'stu_id':'468','gold':999999}
cookie={'niuhanyang':'337ca4cc825302b3a8791ac7f9dc4bc6'}
req=requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)
print(req.json())

7、添加header

import requests
url='http://xxx/api/user/all_stu'
header={'Referer':'http://api.nnzhp.cn/'}
req=requests.get(url,headers=header)
print(req.json())

8、上传文件

import requests
url='http://xxx/api/file/file_upload'
#data={'file':open('笔记',encoding='utf-8')}  #有中文要加utf-8
data={'file':open(r'C:UsersacerDesktopQQ图片20180331170810.png','rb')} #打开图片，以二进制的方式打开才行
req=requests.post(url,files=data)
print(req.json())

9、下载文件或图片等

url='http://xxx/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/soup.jpg'
req=requests.get(url)
fw=open('a.jpg','wb')
fw.write(req.content)  #保存到本地

url='http://xxx/archives/630'
req=requests.get(url)
fw=open('pyquery.html','wb')
fw.write(req.content)  #保存到本地