GDAL——命令使用专题——gdalinfo命令

GDAL——命令使用专题——gdalinfo命令

 前言

　　GDAL(Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)是一个在X/MIT许可协议下的开源栅格空间数据转换库。它利用抽象数据模型来表达所支持的各种文件格式。它还有一系列命令行工具来进行数据转换和处理。

　　主要针对：ogrinfo命令、gdalinfo命令、gdalsrsinfo命令、gdallocationinfo命令、gdal_translate命令、gdaltransform命令 等。这一节讨论gdalinfo命令。

　　gdalinfo命令主要是查询、操作栅格数据信息。

　　上一篇针对ogrinfo命令做了针对性讲解，见《GDAL——命令使用专题——ogrinfo命令》。

　　软件环境：在安装Mapserver时集成安装。详见《MapServer Configuring with IIS》。

　　

gdalinfo --formats

　　数据格式支持

应用数据类型	数据类型	操作权限	说明
BAG	-raster-	(ro)	Bathymetry Attributed Grid
FITS	-raster-	(rw+)	Flexible Image Transport System
GeoRaster	-raster-	(rw+s)	Oracle Spatial GeoRaster
GMT	-raster-	(rw)	GMT NetCDF Grid Format
HDF4	-raster-	(ros)	Hierarchical Data Format Release 4
HDF4Image	-raster-	(rw+)	HDF4 Dataset
HDF5	-raster-	(ros)	Hierarchical Data Format Release 5
HDF5Image	-raster-	(ro)	HDF5 Dataset
KEA	-raster-	(rw+)	KEA Image Format (.kea)
MG4Lidar	-raster-	(ro)	MrSID Generation 4 / Lidar (.sid)
MrSID	-raster-	(rov)	Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database (MrSID)
netCDF	-raster,vector-	(rw+s)	Network Common Data Format
VRT	-raster-	(rw+v)	Virtual Raster
DERIVED	-raster-	(ro)	Derived datasets using VRT pixel functions
GTiff	-raster-	(rw+vs)	GeoTIFF
NITF	-raster-	(rw+vs)	National Imagery Transmission Format
RPFTOC	-raster-	(rovs)	Raster Product Format TOC format
ECRGTOC	-raster-	(rovs)	ECRG TOC format
HFA	-raster-	(rw+v)	Erdas Imagine Images (.img)
SAR_CEOS	-raster-	(rov)	CEOS SAR Image
CEOS	-raster-	(rov)	CEOS Image
JAXAPALSAR	-raster-	(rov)	JAXA PALSAR Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5)
GFF	-raster-	(rov)	Ground-based SAR Applications Testbed File Format (.gff)
ELAS	-raster-	(rw+v)	ELAS
AIG	-raster-	(rov)	Arc/Info Binary Grid
AAIGrid	-raster-	(rwv)	Arc/Info ASCII Grid
GRASSASCIIGrid	-raster-	(rov)	GRASS ASCII Grid
SDTS	-raster-	(rov)	SDTS Raster
DTED	-raster-	(rwv)	DTED Elevation Raster
PNG	-raster-	(rwv)	Portable Network Graphics
JPEG	-raster-	(rwv)	JPEG JFIF
MEM	-raster-	(rw+)	In Memory Raster
JDEM	-raster-	(rov)	Japanese DEM (.mem)
GIF	-raster-	(rwv)	Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
BIGGIF	-raster-	(rov)	Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
ESAT	-raster-	(rov)	Envisat Image Format
BSB	-raster-	(rov)	Maptech BSB Nautical Charts
XPM	-raster-	(rwv)	X11 PixMap Format
BMP	-raster-	(rw+v)	MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap
DIMAP	-raster-	(rov)	SPOT DIMAP
AirSAR	-raster-	(rov)	AirSAR Polarimetric Image
RS2	-raster-	(rovs)	RadarSat 2 XML Product
SAFE	-raster-	(rov)	Sentinel-1 SAR SAFE Product
PCIDSK	-raster,vector-	(rw+v)	PCIDSK Database File
PCRaster	-raster-	(rw+)	PCRaster Raster File
ILWIS	-raster-	(rw+v)	ILWIS Raster Map
SGI	-raster-	(rw+v)	SGI Image File Format 1.0
SRTMHGT	-raster-	(rwv)	SRTMHGT File Format
Leveller	-raster-	(rw+v)	Leveller heightfield
Terragen	-raster-	(rw+v)	Terragen heightfield
ISIS3	-raster-	(rw+v)	USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 3)
ISIS2	-raster-	(rw+v)	USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2)
PDS	-raster-	(rov)	NASA Planetary Data System
PDS4	-raster-	(rw+vs)	NASA Planetary Data System 4
VICAR	-raster-	(rov)	MIPL VICAR file
TIL	-raster-	(rov)	EarthWatch .TIL
ERS	-raster-	(rw+v)	ERMapper .ers Labelled
JP2OpenJPEG	-raster,vector-	(rwv)	JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
L1B	-raster-	(rovs)	NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set
FIT	-raster-	(rwv)	FIT Image
GRIB	-raster-	(rwv)	GRIdded Binary (.grb, .grb2)
RMF	-raster-	(rw+v)	Raster Matrix Format
WCS	-raster-	(rovs)	OGC Web Coverage Service
WMS	-raster-	(rwvs)	OGC Web Map Service
MSGN	-raster-	(rov)	EUMETSAT Archive native (.nat)
RST	-raster-	(rw+v)	Idrisi Raster A.1
INGR	-raster-	(rw+v)	Intergraph Raster
GSAG	-raster-	(rwv)	Golden Software ASCII Grid (.grd)
GSBG	-raster-	(rw+v)	Golden Software Binary Grid (.grd)
GS7BG	-raster-	(rw+v)	Golden Software 7 Binary Grid (.grd)
COSAR	-raster-	(rov)	COSAR Annotated Binary Matrix (TerraSAR-X)
TSX	-raster-	(rov)	TerraSAR-X Product
COASP	-raster-	(ro)	DRDC COASP SAR Processor Raster
R	-raster-	(rwv)	R Object Data Store
MAP	-raster-	(rov)	OziExplorer .MAP
KMLSUPEROVERLAY	-raster-	(rwv)	Kml Super Overlay
PDF	-raster,vector-	(rw+vs)	Geospatial PDF
Rasterlite	-raster-	(rwvs)	Rasterlite
MBTiles	-raster,vector-	(rw+v)	MBTiles
PLMOSAIC	-raster-	(ro)	Planet Labs Mosaics API
CALS	-raster-	(rwv)	CALS (Type 1)
WMTS	-raster-	(rwv)	OGC Web Map Tile Service
SENTINEL2	-raster-	(rovs)	Sentinel 2
MRF	-raster-	(rw+v)	Meta Raster Format
PNM	-raster-	(rw+v)	Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm)
DOQ1	-raster-	(rov)	USGS DOQ (Old Style)
DOQ2	-raster-	(rov)	USGS DOQ (New Style)
PAux	-raster-	(rw+v)	PCI .aux Labelled
MFF	-raster-	(rw+v)	Vexcel MFF Raster
MFF2	-raster-	(rw+)	Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster
FujiBAS	-raster-	(rov)	Fuji BAS Scanner Image
GSC	-raster-	(rov)	GSC Geogrid
FAST	-raster-	(rov)	EOSAT FAST Format
BT	-raster-	(rw+v)	VTP .bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format
LAN	-raster-	(rw+v)	Erdas .LAN/.GIS
CPG	-raster-	(rov)	Convair PolGASP
IDA	-raster-	(rw+v)	Image Data and Analysis
NDF	-raster-	(rov)	NLAPS Data Format
EIR	-raster-	(rov)	Erdas Imagine Raw
DIPEx	-raster-	(rov)	DIPEx
LCP	-raster-	(rwv)	FARSITE v.4 Landscape File (.lcp)
GTX	-raster-	(rw+v)	NOAA Vertical Datum .GTX
LOSLAS	-raster-	(rov)	NADCON .los/.las Datum Grid Shift
NTv2	-raster-	(rw+vs)	NTv2 Datum Grid Shift
CTable2	-raster-	(rw+v)	CTable2 Datum Grid Shift
ACE2	-raster-	(rov)	ACE2
SNODAS	-raster-	(rov)	Snow Data Assimilation System
KRO	-raster-	(rw+v)	KOLOR Raw
ROI_PAC	-raster-	(rw+v)	ROI_PAC raster
RRASTER	-raster-	(rw+v)	R Raster
ARG	-raster-	(rwv)	Azavea Raster Grid format
RIK	-raster-	(rov)	Swedish Grid RIK (.rik)
USGSDEM	-raster-	(rwv)	USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED)
GXF	-raster-	(rov)	GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format
NWT_GRD	-raster-	(rw+v)	Northwood Numeric Grid Format .grd/.tab
NWT_GRC	-raster-	(rov)	Northwood Classified Grid Format .grc/.tab
ADRG	-raster-	(rw+vs)	ARC Digitized Raster Graphics
SRP	-raster-	(rovs)	Standard Raster Product (ASRP/USRP)
BLX	-raster-	(rwv)	Magellan topo (.blx)
PostGISRaster	-raster-	(rws)	PostGIS Raster driver
SAGA	-raster-	(rw+v)	SAGA GIS Binary Grid (.sdat, .sg-grd-z)
XYZ	-raster-	(rwv)	ASCII Gridded XYZ
HF2	-raster-	(rwv)	HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
OZI	-raster-	(rov)	OziExplorer Image File
CTG	-raster-	(rov)	USGS LULC Composite Theme Grid
E00GRID	-raster-	(rov)	Arc/Info Export E00 GRID
ZMap	-raster-	(rwv)	ZMap Plus Grid
NGSGEOID	-raster-	(rov)	NOAA NGS Geoid Height Grids
IRIS	-raster-	(rov)	IRIS data (.PPI, .CAPPi etc)
PRF	-raster-	(rov)	Racurs PHOTOMOD PRF
RDA	-raster-	(ro)	DigitalGlobe Raster Data Access driver
DB2ODBC	-raster,vector-	(rw+)	IBM DB2 Spatial Database
GPKG	-raster,vector-	(rw+vs)	GeoPackage
CAD	-raster,vector-	(rovs)	AutoCAD Driver
PLSCENES	-raster,vector-	(ro)	Planet Labs Scenes API
GenBin	-raster-	(rov)	Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled)
ENVI	-raster-	(rw+v)	ENVI .hdr Labelled
EHdr	-raster-	(rw+v)	ESRI .hdr Labelled
ISCE	-raster-	(rw+v)	ISCE raster
HTTP	-raster,vector-	(ro)	HTTP Fetching Wrapper

 　　

　　 说明：

• • raster：栅格数据
  • vector：矢量数据
  • ro：read only
  • rw：read and write 、upports CreateCopy
  • rw+：read, write and update (i.e. supports Create)read, write and update (i.e. supports Create)
  • s：数据子集（appended for formats supporting subdatasets）
  • v：虚拟读写（appended for formats supporting virtual IO (/vsimem, /vsigzip, /vsizip, etc)）
  • gdalinfo --format "BAG"：查询BAG格式数据详情

--gdalinfo --help-general

　　通用命令

Generic GDAL utility command options:
  --version: report version of GDAL in use.
  --license: report GDAL license info.
  --formats: report all configured format drivers.
  --format [format]: details of one format.
  --optfile filename: expand an option file into the argument list.
  --config key value: set system configuration option.
  --debug [on/off/value]: set debug level.
  --pause: wait for user input, time to attach debugger
  --locale [locale]: install locale for debugging (i.e. en_US.UTF-8)
  --help-general: report detailed help on general options.

　　详细使用方法见：《GDAL——命令使用专题——ogrinfo命令》中相关命令。

用法语

gdalinfo [--help-general] [-json] [-mm] [-stats] [-hist] [-nogcp] [-nomd]
         [-norat] [-noct] [-nofl] [-checksum] [-proj4]
         [-listmdd] [-mdd domain|`all`]*
         [-sd subdataset] [-oo NAME=VALUE]* datasetname

 　　关于使用的数据文件，请通过连接：http://download.osgeo.org/mapserver/docs/mapserver-tutorial.zip 下载。

命令详解

　　-json：将读取数据转json格式输出。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -json mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif 转换为json格式输出

{
  "description":"mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif",
  "driverShortName":"GTiff",
  "driverLongName":"GeoTIFF",
  "files":["mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif"],
  "size":[3480,1740],
  "coordinateSystem":{
    "wkt":"GEOGCS["WGS 84",
　　　　　　　　DATUM["WGS_1984",
　　　　　　　　SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
　　　　　　　　AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
　　　　　　　　AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
　　　　　　　　PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
　　　　　　　　UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
　　　　　　　　AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]"
  },
  "geoTransform":[ -97.3743368400096188, 0.0047330569605305,0.0,49.4159185957790754,0.0,-0.0047330569605305],
  "metadata":{
    "":{
      "AREA_OR_POINT":"Area",
      "TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT":"1 (unitless)",
      "TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE":"ERDAS IMAGINE",
      "TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION":"1",
      "TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION":"1"
    },
    "IMAGE_STRUCTURE":{
      "INTERLEAVE":"PIXEL"
    }
  },
  "cornerCoordinates":{
    "upperLeft":[-97.3743368,49.4159186],
    "lowerLeft":[-97.3743368,41.1803995],
    "lowerRight":[-80.9032986,41.1803995],
    "upperRight":[-80.9032986,49.4159186],
    "center":[-89.1388177,45.298159]
  },
  "wgs84Extent":{
    "type":"Polygon",
    "coordinates":[
      [
        [-97.3743368,49.4159186],
        [-97.3743368,41.1803995],
        [-80.9032986,41.1803995],
        [-80.9032986,49.4159186],
        [-97.3743368,49.4159186]
      ]
    ]
  },
  "bands":[
    {
      "band":1,
      "block":[3480,8],
      "type":"Byte",
      "colorInterpretation":"Red",
      "metadata":{}
    },
    {
      "band":2,
      "block":[3480,8],
      "type":"Byte",
      "colorInterpretation":"Green",
      "metadata":{}
    },
    {
      "band":3,
      "block":[3480,8],
      "type":"Byte",
      "colorInterpretation":"Blue",
      "metadata":{}
    }
  ]
}

　　-mm：计算数据集中每个波段的实际最小/最大值。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -mm mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif
Size is 3480, 1740
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
Origin = (-97.374336840009619,49.415918595779075)
Pixel Size = (0.004733056960530,-0.004733056960530)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
  TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=1 (unitless)
  TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=ERDAS IMAGINE
  TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
  TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
Image Structure Metadata:
  INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -97.3743368,  49.4159186) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Left  ( -97.3743368,  41.1803995) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Upper Right ( -80.9032986,  49.4159186) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Right ( -80.9032986,  41.1803995) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Center      ( -89.1388177,  45.2981590) ( 89d 8'19.74"W, 45d17'53.37"N)
Band 1 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
    Computed Min/Max=71.000,255.000
Band 2 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
    Computed Min/Max=74.000,255.000
Band 3 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
    Computed Min/Max=65.000,255.000

　　-stats：读取和显示图像统计信息。如果图像中没有存储统计信息，则强制计算。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -stats mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif
Size is 3480, 1740
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
Origin = (-97.374336840009619,49.415918595779075)
Pixel Size = (0.004733056960530,-0.004733056960530)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
  TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=1 (unitless)
  TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=ERDAS IMAGINE
  TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
  TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
Image Structure Metadata:
  INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -97.3743368,  49.4159186) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Left  ( -97.3743368,  41.1803995) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Upper Right ( -80.9032986,  49.4159186) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Right ( -80.9032986,  41.1803995) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Center      ( -89.1388177,  45.2981590) ( 89d 8'19.74"W, 45d17'53.37"N)
Band 1 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
  Minimum=71.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=127.351, StdDev=63.617
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=127.35112762584
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=71
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=63.617218753897
Band 2 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
  Minimum=74.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=125.841, StdDev=58.532
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=125.84129227771
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=74
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=58.531957864514
Band 3 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
  Minimum=65.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=126.632, StdDev=62.041
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=126.63214262122
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=65
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=62.041498751993

　　-approx_stats：读取和显示图像统计信息。如果图像中没有存储统计信息，则强制计算。如果不需要精确数据，可以基于概览或所有tile的子集来计算。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -approx_stats mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif
       mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif.aux.xml  #生成了一个概要信息xml文件
Size is 3480, 1740
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
Origin = (-97.374336840009619,49.415918595779075)
Pixel Size = (0.004733056960530,-0.004733056960530)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
  TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=1 (unitless)
  TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=ERDAS IMAGINE
  TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
  TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
Image Structure Metadata:
  INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -97.3743368,  49.4159186) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Left  ( -97.3743368,  41.1803995) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Upper Right ( -80.9032986,  49.4159186) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Right ( -80.9032986,  41.1803995) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Center      ( -89.1388177,  45.2981590) ( 89d 8'19.74"W, 45d17'53.37"N)
Band 1 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
  Min=71.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=71.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=127.351, StdDev=63.617
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=127.35112762584
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=71
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=63.617218753897
Band 2 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
  Min=74.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=74.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=125.841, StdDev=58.532
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=125.84129227771
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=74
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=58.531957864514
Band 3 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
  Min=65.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=65.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=126.632, StdDev=62.041
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=126.63214262122
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=65
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=62.041498751993

<!--创建出来的xml文件-->
<PAMDataset>
  <PAMRasterBand band="1">
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">127.35112762584</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">71</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">63.617218753897</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
  <PAMRasterBand band="2">
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">125.84129227771</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">74</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">58.531957864514</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
  <PAMRasterBand band="3">
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">126.63214262122</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">65</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">62.041498751993</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
</PAMDataset>

　　-hist：生成所有波段的直方图报告信息。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -hist mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif
       mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif.aux.xml　　　　#生成的xml文件
Size is 3480, 1740
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
Origin = (-97.374336840009619,49.415918595779075)
Pixel Size = (0.004733056960530,-0.004733056960530)
Metadata:
  AREA_OR_POINT=Area
  TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT=1 (unitless)
  TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE=ERDAS IMAGINE
  TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION=1
  TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION=1
Image Structure Metadata:
  INTERLEAVE=PIXEL
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -97.3743368,  49.4159186) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Left  ( -97.3743368,  41.1803995) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Upper Right ( -80.9032986,  49.4159186) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Right ( -80.9032986,  41.1803995) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Center      ( -89.1388177,  45.2981590) ( 89d 8'19.74"W, 45d17'53.37"N)
Band 1 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
  Min=71.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=71.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=127.351, StdDev=63.617
0...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100 - done.
  256 buckets from -0.5 to 255.5:
  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2546809 205 0 10784 204005 321359 0 102781 34713 27323 0 18828 9576 6359 4766 0 4060 3468 2995 0 2697 2412 2476 0 3114 2025 2058 0 2448 3201 3154 0 1957 1709 1871 2087 0 2106 1966 1813 0 1971 1932 2124 0 2173 2199 2388 0 2522 2304 2592 2937 0 3290 3408 3815 0 4217 5105 5287 0 5923 6654 7672 0 8282 9382 10260 11578 0 12169 13372 14105 0 15054 15635 16055 0 16717 17515 17835 0 18238 19126 19656 19940 0 20362 21236 21884 0 22606 22894 23705 0 25630 25871 26671 0 28642 30235 30879 31852 0 34182 34545 35538 0 37209 39698 39864 0 41392 43008 46048 0 45677 46483 47973 50442 0 49155 50472 50804 0 53178 51920 52343 0 52185 54229 52207 0 51254 51175 52009 50066 0 48282 46765 47638 0 43989 42850 40753 0 39912 36596 34640 0 32558 31528 29814 0 27604 25756 25088 22551 0 21542 20521 19187 0 17587 16581 15660 0 14844 12888 12344 0 11299 10378 9739 8855 0 8445 7287 6625 0 6141 5656 5171 44046
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=127.35112762584
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=71
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=63.617218753897
Band 2 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
  Min=74.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=74.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=125.841, StdDev=58.532
0...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100 - done.
  256 buckets from -0.5 to 255.5:
  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2548311 0 0 0 0 8256 0 0 0 0 0 39077 0 0 0 0 0 134637 0 0 0 0 330770 0 0 0 0 0 156551 0 0 0 0 0 44353 0 0 0 0 0 29599 0 0 0 0 46427 0 0 0 0 0 80183 0 0 0 0 0 129762 0 0 0 0 175866 0 0 0 0 0 206347 0 0 0 0 0 196923 0 0 0 0 177856 0 0 0 0 0 150421 0 0 0 0 0 138376 0 0 0 0 0 120013 0 0 0 0 109888 0 0 0 0 0 103964 0 0 0 0 0 92611 0 0 0 0 89297 0 0 0 0 0 82351 0 0 0 0 0 80633 0 0 0 0 0 75891 0 0 0 0 75721 0 0 0 0 0 70638 0 0 0 0 0 69561 0 0 0 0 62096 0 0 0 0 0 57576 0 0 0 0 0 49361 0 0 0 0 44828 0 0 0 0 277056
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=125.84129227771
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=74
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=58.531957864514
Band 3 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
  Min=65.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=65.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=126.632, StdDev=62.041
0...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100 - done.
  256 buckets from -0.5 to 255.5:
  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2546770 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 1118 0 0 0 0 17499 0 0 0 0 60662 0 0 0 0 0 157738 0 0 0 0 193171 0 0 0 0 167132 0 0 0 0 0 68977 0 0 0 0 44071 0 0 0 0 0 22446 0 0 0 0 24043 0 0 0 0 33477 0 0 0 0 0 51788 0 0 0 0 78813 0 0 0 0 99862 0 0 0 0 0 124114 0 0 0 0 161637 0 0 0 0 192497 0 0 0 0 0 220448 0 0 0 0 222291 0 0 0 0 0 216215 0 0 0 0 204474 0 0 0 0 176557 0 0 0 0 0 162568 0 0 0 0 137747 0 0 0 0 115134 0 0 0 0 0 98043 0 0 0 0 80529 0 0 0 0 0 66793 0 0 0 0 53615 0 0 0 0 44621 0 0 0 0 0 38139 0 0 0 0 30184 0 0 0 0 25721 0 116266
  Metadata:
    STATISTICS_MAXIMUM=255
    STATISTICS_MEAN=126.63214262122
    STATISTICS_MINIMUM=65
    STATISTICS_STDDEV=62.041498751993

<PAMDataset>
  <PAMRasterBand band="1">
    <Histograms>
      <HistItem>
        <HistMin>-0.5</HistMin>
        <HistMax>255.5</HistMax>
        <BucketCount>256</BucketCount>
        <IncludeOutOfRange>1</IncludeOutOfRange>
        <Approximate>0</Approximate>
        <HistCounts>0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2546809|205|0|10784|204005|321359|0|102781|34713|27323|0|18828|9576|6359|4766|0|4060|3468|2995|0|2697|2412|2476|0|3114|2025|2058|0|2448|3201|3154|0|1957|1709|1871|2087|0|2106|1966|1813|0|1971|1932|2124|0|2173|2199|2388|0|2522|2304|2592|2937|0|3290|3408|3815|0|4217|5105|5287|0|5923|6654|7672|0|8282|9382|10260|11578|0|12169|13372|14105|0|15054|15635|16055|0|16717|17515|17835|0|18238|19126|19656|19940|0|20362|21236|21884|0|22606|22894|23705|0|25630|25871|26671|0|28642|30235|30879|31852|0|34182|34545|35538|0|37209|39698|39864|0|41392|43008|46048|0|45677|46483|47973|50442|0|49155|50472|50804|0|53178|51920|52343|0|52185|54229|52207|0|51254|51175|52009|50066|0|48282|46765|47638|0|43989|42850|40753|0|39912|36596|34640|0|32558|31528|29814|0|27604|25756|25088|22551|0|21542|20521|19187|0|17587|16581|15660|0|14844|12888|12344|0|11299|10378|9739|8855|0|8445|7287|6625|0|6141|5656|5171|44046</HistCounts>
      </HistItem>
    </Histograms>
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">127.35112762584</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">71</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">63.617218753897</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
  <PAMRasterBand band="2">
    <Histograms>
      <HistItem>
        <HistMin>-0.5</HistMin>
        <HistMax>255.5</HistMax>
        <BucketCount>256</BucketCount>
        <IncludeOutOfRange>1</IncludeOutOfRange>
        <Approximate>0</Approximate>
        <HistCounts>0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2548311|0|0|0|0|8256|0|0|0|0|0|39077|0|0|0|0|0|134637|0|0|0|0|330770|0|0|0|0|0|156551|0|0|0|0|0|44353|0|0|0|0|0|29599|0|0|0|0|46427|0|0|0|0|0|80183|0|0|0|0|0|129762|0|0|0|0|175866|0|0|0|0|0|206347|0|0|0|0|0|196923|0|0|0|0|177856|0|0|0|0|0|150421|0|0|0|0|0|138376|0|0|0|0|0|120013|0|0|0|0|109888|0|0|0|0|0|103964|0|0|0|0|0|92611|0|0|0|0|89297|0|0|0|0|0|82351|0|0|0|0|0|80633|0|0|0|0|0|75891|0|0|0|0|75721|0|0|0|0|0|70638|0|0|0|0|0|69561|0|0|0|0|62096|0|0|0|0|0|57576|0|0|0|0|0|49361|0|0|0|0|44828|0|0|0|0|277056</HistCounts>
      </HistItem>
    </Histograms>
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">125.84129227771</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">74</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">58.531957864514</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
  <PAMRasterBand band="3">
    <Histograms>
      <HistItem>
        <HistMin>-0.5</HistMin>
        <HistMax>255.5</HistMax>
        <BucketCount>256</BucketCount>
        <IncludeOutOfRange>1</IncludeOutOfRange>
        <Approximate>0</Approximate>
        <HistCounts>0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2546770|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|0|0|0|31|0|0|0|0|0|1118|0|0|0|0|17499|0|0|0|0|60662|0|0|0|0|0|157738|0|0|0|0|193171|0|0|0|0|167132|0|0|0|0|0|68977|0|0|0|0|44071|0|0|0|0|0|22446|0|0|0|0|24043|0|0|0|0|33477|0|0|0|0|0|51788|0|0|0|0|78813|0|0|0|0|99862|0|0|0|0|0|124114|0|0|0|0|161637|0|0|0|0|192497|0|0|0|0|0|220448|0|0|0|0|222291|0|0|0|0|0|216215|0|0|0|0|204474|0|0|0|0|176557|0|0|0|0|0|162568|0|0|0|0|137747|0|0|0|0|115134|0|0|0|0|0|98043|0|0|0|0|80529|0|0|0|0|0|66793|0|0|0|0|53615|0|0|0|0|44621|0|0|0|0|0|38139|0|0|0|0|30184|0|0|0|0|25721|0|116266</HistCounts>
      </HistItem>
    </Histograms>
    <Metadata>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MAXIMUM">255</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MEAN">126.63214262122</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_MINIMUM">65</MDI>
      <MDI key="STATISTICS_STDDEV">62.041498751993</MDI>
    </Metadata>
  </PAMRasterBand>
</PAMDataset>

　　-nogcp：no ground control points，禁止地面控制点列表打印。它对包含大量GCPs的数据集很有用，比如L1B AVHRR或HDF4 MODIS，它们包含数千个GCPs。

　　-nomd：不打印元数据。no matedata

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -nomd mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif
       mod09a12003161_ugl_ll_8bit.tif.aux.xml
Size is 3480, 1740
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["WGS_1984",
        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
Origin = (-97.374336840009619,49.415918595779075)
Pixel Size = (0.004733056960530,-0.004733056960530)
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left  ( -97.3743368,  49.4159186) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Left  ( -97.3743368,  41.1803995) ( 97d22'27.61"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Upper Right ( -80.9032986,  49.4159186) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 49d24'57.31"N)
Lower Right ( -80.9032986,  41.1803995) ( 80d54'11.88"W, 41d10'49.44"N)
Center      ( -89.1388177,  45.2981590) ( 89d 8'19.74"W, 45d17'53.37"N)
Band 1 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red
  Min=71.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=71.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=127.351, StdDev=63.617
Band 2 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green
  Min=74.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=74.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=125.841, StdDev=58.532
Band 3 Block=3480x8 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue
  Min=65.000 Max=255.000
  Minimum=65.000, Maximum=255.000, Mean=126.632, StdDev=62.041

　　-norat：不打印光栅属性表。

　　-noct：不打印颜色表。强制计算数据集中每个波段的校验和。

　　-checksum：强制计算数据集中每个波段的校验和。

　　-listmdd：列出数据集所在域中的所有metadata

　　-mdd domain：列出指定域中的metadata

　　-nofl：只显示数据集中的第一条数据对象的信息

　　-sd subdataset：如果输入数据集包含多个子数据集，则读取并显示指定编号(从1开始)的子数据集。 gdalinfo -sb 1 datasetname

　　-proj4：通过数据信息，转换出prog4的坐标文件信息。

#在cmd中输入：gdalinfo -proj4 mod13a12000257evi.tif

Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF
Files: mod13a12000257evi.tif
Size is 3606, 1807
Coordinate System is:
GEOGCS["Clarke_1866",
    DATUM["Clarke_1866",
        SPHEROID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.9786982138982]],
    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],
    UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]
PROJ.4 string is:
'+proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +no_defs '
Origin = (-97.710937299999998,49.574459599999997)
Pixel Size = (0.004724303830000,-0.004724303830000)
...

　　-oo NAME=VALUE：数据集打开操作项

　　datasetname：数据名称