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  • Springboot启动原理

    Springboot启动原理

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //xxx.class:主配置类,(可以传多个)
            SpringApplication.run(xxx.class, args);
        }
    

    1. 从run方法开始,创建SpringApplication,然后再调用run方法

    /**
     * ConfigurableApplicationContext(可配置的应用程序上下文)
     */
    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
        //调用下面的run方法
        return run(new Class[]{primarySource}, args);
    }
    
    public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
        //primarySources:主配置类
        return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args);
    }
    

    2. 创建SpringApplication

    public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
        //调用下面构造方法
        this((ResourceLoader) null, primarySources);
    }
    
    public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
       //获取类加载器
       this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
       //查看类加载器是否为空
       Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
       // 保存主配置类的信息到一个哈希链表集合中,方便查询调用增删
       this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
       //获取当前应用的类型,是不是web应用,见2.1
       this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
       //从类路径下找到META‐INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer;然后保存起来,见2.2
       setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
       //从类路径下找到META‐INF/spring.factories配置的所有spring.ApplicationListener;然后保存起来,原理同上
       setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
       //从多个SpringApplication中找到有main方法的主SpringApplication(在调run方法的时候是可以传递多个配置类的)
       //只记录有main方法的类名,以便下一步的run
       this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }
    

    2.1 deduceFromClasspath

    static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
       if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null) && !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
             && !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)) {
          return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
       }
       for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
          if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
             return WebApplicationType.NONE;
          }
       }
       return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
    }
    

    2.2 getSpringFactoriesInstances

    private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
       ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
       // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
       // 配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer等分别到一个集合中以便查询使用,其中loadFactoryNames方法从类路径下找到META‐INF/spring.factories中传入的parameterTypes
       Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
       // 实例化传入的类
       List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
       // 排序以便提高针对他执行操作的效率
       AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
       return instances;
    }
    

    2.3 deduceMainApplicationClass

    private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
       try {
           // 查询当前的虚拟机的当前线程的StackTrace信息
          StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
          for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
              // 查看当前线程中已加载的类中有没有main方法
             if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
               //有则返回该类的类名
                return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
             }
          }
       }
       catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
          // Swallow and continue
       }
       return null;
    }
    

    StackTrace简述

    1 StackTrace用栈的形式保存了方法的调用信息.

    2 怎么获取这些调用信息呢?

    可用Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()方法得到当前线程的StackTrace信息.该方法返回的是一个StackTraceElement数组.

    3 该StackTraceElement数组就是StackTrace中的内容.

    4 遍历该StackTraceElement数组.就可以看到方法间的调用流程.

    比如线程中methodA调用了methodB那么methodA先入栈methodB再入栈.

    5 在StackTraceElement数组下标为2的元素中保存了当前方法的所属文件名,当前方法所属的类名,以及该方法的名字

    ​ 除此以外还可以获取方法调用的行数.

    6 在StackTraceElement数组下标为3的元素中保存了当前方法的调用者的信息和它调用时的代码行数.

    3. 调用SpringApplication对象的run方法

    3. 调用SpringApplication对象的run方法

    Apllication总体流程

    SpringApplication的run方法的实现是我们本次旅程的主要线路,该方法的主要流程大体可以归纳如下:

    1) 如果我们使用的是SpringApplication的静态run方法,那么,这个方法里面首先要创建一个SpringApplication对象实例,然后调用这个创建好的SpringApplication的实例方法。在SpringApplication实例初始化的时候,它会提前做几件事情:

    • 根据classpath里面是否存在某个特征类(org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)来决定是否应该创建一个为Web应用使用的ApplicationContext类型。
    • 使用SpringFactoriesLoader在应用的classpath中查找并加载所有可用的ApplicationContextInitializer。
    • 使用SpringFactoriesLoader在应用的classpath中查找并加载所有可用的ApplicationListener。
    • 推断并设置main方法的定义类。

    2) SpringApplication实例初始化完成并且完成设置后,就开始执行run方法的逻辑了,方法执行伊始,首先遍历执行所有通过SpringFactoriesLoader可以查找到并加载的SpringApplicationRunListener。调用它们的started()方法,告诉这些SpringApplicationRunListener,“嘿,SpringBoot应用要开始执行咯!”。

    3) 创建并配置当前Spring Boot应用将要使用的Environment(包括配置要使用的PropertySource以及Profile)。

    4) 遍历调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared()的方法,告诉他们:“当前SpringBoot应用使用的Environment准备好了咯!”。

    5) 如果SpringApplication的showBanner属性被设置为true,则打印banner。

    6) 根据用户是否明确设置了applicationContextClass类型以及初始化阶段的推断结果,决定该为当前SpringBoot应用创建什么类型的ApplicationContext并创建完成,然后根据条件决定是否添加ShutdownHook,决定是否使用自定义的BeanNameGenerator,决定是否使用自定义的ResourceLoader,当然,最重要的,将之前准备好的Environment设置给创建好的ApplicationContext使用。

    7) ApplicationContext创建好之后,SpringApplication会再次借助Spring-FactoriesLoader,查找并加载classpath中所有可用的ApplicationContext-Initializer,然后遍历调用这些ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize(applicationContext)方法来对已经创建好的ApplicationContext进行进一步的处理。

    8) 会调用SpringApplication的prepareContext方法,其中会遍历调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared()方法。

    9)将之前通过@EnableAutoConfiguration获取的所有配置以及其他形式的IoC容器配置加载到已经准备完毕的ApplicationContext。

    10)遍历调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded()方法。

    11)接着便是SpringApplication的afterRefresh方法,调用ApplicationContext的refresh()方法,完成IoC容器可用的最后一道工序。

    12) 查找当前ApplicationContext中是否注册有CommandLineRunner,如果有,则遍历执行它们。

    13) 正常情况下,遍历执行SpringApplicationRunListener的finished()方法、(如果整个过程出现异常,则依然调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的finished()方法,只不过这种情况下会将异常信息一并传入处理)

        public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
            //Simple stop watch, allowing for timing of a number of tasks, exposing totalrunning time and running time for each named task.简单来说是创建ioc容器的计时器
            StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
            stopWatch.start();
            //声明IOC容器
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
            //异常报告存储列表
            Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
            //加载图形化配置
            this.configureHeadlessProperty();
            //从类路径下META‐INF/spring.factories获取SpringApplicationRunListeners,原理同2中获取ApplicationContextInitializer和ApplicationListener
            SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args);
            //遍历上一步获取的所有SpringApplicationRunListener,调用其starting方法
            listeners.starting();
    
            Collection exceptionReporters;
            try {
                //封装命令行
                ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
                //准备环境,把上面获取到的SpringApplicationRunListeners传过去,见3.1
                ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
                
                this.configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
                //打印Banner,就是控制台那个Spring字符画
                Banner printedBanner = this.printBanner(environment);
                //根据当前环境利用反射创建IOC容器,见3.2
                context = this.createApplicationContext();
            //从类路径下META‐INF/spring.factories获取SpringBootExceptionReporter,原理同2中获取ApplicationContextInitializer和ApplicationListener
                exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
                //准备IOC容器,见3.3
                this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
                //刷新IOC容器,可查看配置嵌入式Servlet容器原理,所有的@Configuration和@AutoConfigutation等Bean对象全在此时加入容器中,并依据不同的选项创建了不同功能如服务器/数据库等组件。见3.4
                //可以说@SpringbootApplication中自动扫描包和Autoconfiguration也是在此时进行的
                this.refreshContext(context);
                //这是一个空方法
                this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
                //停止计时,打印时间
                stopWatch.stop();
                if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                    (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
                }
                //调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的started方法
                listeners.started(context);
                //见3.5 ,从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调ApplicationRunner先回调,CommandLineRunner再回调。
                this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
            } catch (Throwable var10) {
                this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
                throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
            }
    
            try {
                //调用所有SpringApplicationRunListener的running方法
                listeners.running(context);
                //返回创建好的ioc容器,启动完成
                return context;
            } catch (Throwable var9) {
                this.handleRunFailure(context, var9, exceptionReporters, (SpringApplicationRunListeners)null);
                throw new IllegalStateException(var9);
            }
        }
    

    3.1 prepareEnvironment

        private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
            //获取或者创建环境,有则获取,无则创建
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.getOrCreateEnvironment();
            //配置环境
            this.configureEnvironment((ConfigurableEnvironment)environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
            ConfigurationPropertySources.attach((Environment)environment);
            //创建环境完成后,ApplicationContext创建前,调用前面获取的所有SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared方法,读取配置文件使之生效
            listeners.environmentPrepared((ConfigurableEnvironment)environment);
            // 环境搭建好后,需依据他改变Apllication的参数,将enviroment的信息放置到Binder中,再由Binder依据不同的条件将“spring.main”SpringApplication更改为不同的环境,为后面context的创建搭建环境
            //为什么boot要这样做,其实咱们启动一个boot的时候并不是一定只有一个Application且用main方式启动。这样子我们可以读取souces配置多的Application
            this.bindToSpringApplication((ConfigurableEnvironment)environment);
            if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
                environment = (new EnvironmentConverter(this.getClassLoader())).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary((ConfigurableEnvironment)environment, this.deduceEnvironmentClass());
            }
    
            ConfigurationPropertySources.attach((Environment)environment);        
            //回到3,将创建好的environment返回
            return (ConfigurableEnvironment)environment;
        }
    

    3.2 createApplicationContext

        protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {        
            //获取当前Application中ioc容器类
            Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
            //若没有则依据该应用是否为web应用而创建相应的ioc容器
            //除非为其传入applicationContext,不然Application的默认构造方法并不会创建ioc容器
            if (contextClass == null) {
                try {
                    switch(this.webApplicationType) {
                    case SERVLET:
                        contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext");
                        break;
                    case REACTIVE:
                        contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.context.AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext");
                        break;
                    default:
                        contextClass = Class.forName("org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext");
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", var3);
                }
            }
    		//用bean工具类实例化ioc容器对象并返回。回到3
            return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
        }
    

    3.3 prepareContext

        private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
            //将创建好的环境放到IOC容器中
            context.setEnvironment(environment);
            //处理一些组件,没有实现postProcessA接口
            this.postProcessApplicationContext(context);
            //获取所有的ApplicationContextInitializer调用其initialize方法,这些ApplicationContextInitializer就是在2步骤中获取的,见3.3.1
            this.applyInitializers(context);
            //回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared方法,这些SpringApplicationRunListeners是在步骤3中获取的
            listeners.contextPrepared(context);
    
            //打印日志
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                this.logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
                this.logStartupProfileInfo(context);
            }
    
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
            //将一些applicationArguments注册成容器工厂中的单例对象
            beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
            if (printedBanner != null) {
                beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
            }
    
            if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
                ((DefaultListableBeanFactory)beanFactory).setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
            }
    		
            //若是延迟加载,则在ioc容器中加入LazyInitializationBeanFactoryPostProcessor,
            if (this.lazyInitialization) {
                context.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(new LazyInitializationBeanFactoryPostProcessor());
            }
    
            //获取所有报告primarySources在内的所有source
            Set<Object> sources = this.getAllSources();
            Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
            //加载容器
            this.load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
            //回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded方法
            listeners.contextLoaded(context);
        }
    

    3.3.1 applyInitializers

        protected void applyInitializers(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
            Iterator var2 = this.getInitializers().iterator();
    
            while(var2.hasNext()) {
                //将之前的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer遍历
                ApplicationContextInitializer initializer = (ApplicationContextInitializer)var2.next();
                //解析查看之前从spring.factories调用的ApplicationContextInitializer是否能被ioc容器调用
                Class<?> requiredType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(initializer.getClass(), ApplicationContextInitializer.class);
                Assert.isInstanceOf(requiredType, context, "Unable to call initializer.");
                //可以调用则对ioc容器进行初始化(还没加载我们自己配置的bean和AutoConfiguration那些)
                initializer.initialize(context);
            }
    
        }//返回3.3
    

    3.4 refreshment(context)

    @Override 
    //详情见内置Servlet的启动原理,最后是用ApplicationContext的实现类的refresh()方法,若是web Application则为ServletWebServerApplicationContext
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
       synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
          // Prepare this context for refreshing.
          prepareRefresh();
    
          // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
          ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    
          // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
          prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
          try {
             // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
             postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
             // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
             invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
             // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
             registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
             // Initialize message source for this context.
             initMessageSource();
    
             // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
             initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    
             // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
             onRefresh();
    
             // Check for listener beans and register them.
             registerListeners();
    
             // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
             finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    
             // Last step: publish corresponding event.
             finishRefresh();
          }
    
          catch (BeansException ex) {
             if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                      "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
             }
    
             // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
             destroyBeans();
    
             // Reset 'active' flag.
             cancelRefresh(ex);
    
             // Propagate exception to caller.
             throw ex;
          }
    
          finally {
             // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
             // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
             resetCommonCaches();
          }
       }
    }
    

    3.5 callRunners

        private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
            List<Object> runners = new ArrayList();
            //将ioc容器中的的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner(),在创建ioc容器时创建的
            runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
            runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
            AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
            Iterator var4 = (new LinkedHashSet(runners)).iterator();
    		
            //调用ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的run方法
            while(var4.hasNext()) {
                Object runner = var4.next();
                if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
                    this.callRunner((ApplicationRunner)runner, args);
                }
    
                if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
                    this.callRunner((CommandLineRunner)runner, args);
                }
            }
    
        }
    

    配置在META-INF/spring.factories

    • ApplicationContextInitializer(在我们将enviroment绑定到application后可以用来创建不同类型的context)
    • SpringApplicationRunListener(在Application 创建/运行/销毁等进行一些我们想要的特殊配置)

    只需要放在ioc容器中

    • ApplicationRunner(加载没有在ApplicationContext中的bean时让bean能加载)
    • CommandLineRunner(命令行执行器)

    Application初始化组件测试

    1. 创建ApplicationContextInitializerSpringApplicationRunListener的实现类,并在META-INF/spring.factories文件中配置

      public class TestApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer {
      
          @Override
          public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
              System.out.println("TestApplicationContextInitializer.initialize");
          }
      }
      
      public class TestSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {
          @Override
          public void starting() {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.starting");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.contextPrepared");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.contextLoaded");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.started");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.running");
          }
      
          @Override
          public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
              System.out.println("TestSpringApplicationRunListener.failed");
          }
      }
      
      org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=
      cn.clboy.springbootprocess.init.TestApplicationContextInitializer
      
      org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=
      cn.clboy.springbootprocess.init.TestSpringApplicationRunListener
      

      启动报错:说是没有找到带org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication和String数组类型参数的构造器,给TestSpringApplicationRunListener添加这样的构造器

          public TestSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application,String[] args) {
          }
      
    2. 创建ApplicationRunner实现类和CommandLineRunner实现类,因为是从ioc容器完成创建后中提取存放在里面的这两个Runner,因此可以直接添加到容器中,最后callRunner使用

      @Component
      public class TestApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
      
          @Override
          public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
              System.out.println("TestApplicationRunner.run	--->"+args);
          }
      }
      
      @Component
      public class TestCommandLineRunn implements CommandLineRunner {
      
          @Override
          public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
              System.out.println("TestCommandLineRunn.runt	--->"+ Arrays.toString(args));
          }
      }
      
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/eternal-heathens/p/13582586.html
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