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  • linux常见故障整理

    一. 文件和目录类

    1.1 File exist 文件已经存在

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir   /data   /lidao  
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir   /data   /lidao  
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
    

    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
    无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在

    1.2 No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)

    没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir  /oldboy
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
    -bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
    

    mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错
    -p解决

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir  /data/oldboy/lidao/
    mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
    

    touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错
    解决:先创建目录,再创建文件

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
    oldboy.txt
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
    touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
    

    排错思路:

    1、ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?

    2、目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/

    1.3 command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
    -bash: mkdiy: command not found
    

    1.书写错误
    2.没有安装

    1.4 invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
    touch: invalid option -- 'p'
    Try 'touch --help' for more information.
    

    1.5 overwrite 覆盖

    cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp  /oldboy/oldboy.txt   /tmp/
    cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’? 
    

    1.6 remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm   /oldboy/oldboy.txt
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
    

    1.7 is a directory xxx是一个目录

    rm默认无法删除目录
    解决:加上-r 或-rf

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
    rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
    

    vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错

    "/oldboy"
    E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
    Press ENTER or type command to continue
    

    1.8 descend into directory 是否进入目录

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
    rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
    rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
    rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
    1.9 Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
    

    注意参数位置

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree  -L -F 2 / 
    tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
    

    1.10 Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件

    vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示

    "/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
    "/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
    Press ENTER or type command to continue
    

    1.11 No write since last change

    E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
         粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q! 
    

    1.12 xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示

    这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.

    [root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
    w: 39 column window is too narrow
    

    二. 网络连接类

    2.1 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败

    使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确

    [c:~]$ 
    
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
    Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
    

    使用telnet测试端口是否打开

    [c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233 
    
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
    Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.   #233端口没有开启
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
    

    端口开启

    [c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
    Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
    Connection established.            #端口开启
    To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
    SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
    
    Protocol mismatch.
    
    Connection closed by foreign host.
    
    Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
    
    Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
    [c:~]$ 
    

    2.2 yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机

    Could not resolve host无法解析主机
    主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.

    http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - 
    "Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
    Trying other mirror. 
    

    2.3 yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)

    有两种情况:
    情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:

    Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
    Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
    Nothing to do
    

    情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包

    [root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
     * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
    base                                                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                            | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    No package treea available. 
    #没有找到叫treea的软件包
    Error: Nothing to do
    

    2.4 Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网)

    原因:

    1:DNS配置错误原因

    2:Linux无法上网原因

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com 
    ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
      域名无法识别(无法将域名---->ip地址)
    

    三. 修改系统基础配置类

    3.1 重启网卡报错 device not present

    [root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network 
    Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
     See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
    

    查看详细错误原因
    ·journalctl -xe·

    Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:  ERROR     : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device  does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.
    
    Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]: Device  does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
    

    3.2 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化

    1 hostname命令修改主机名(临时 重启服务器之后失效)

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
    oldboyedu59
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb 
    

    2 修改文件内容(写合同 永久 重启服务器之后生效)

    vim /etc/hostname 
     oldboyedu59-lnb
    

    3 检查

    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
    oldboyedu59-lnb
    [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname 
    oldboyedu59-lnb
    

    命令行中的主机名部分没有改变?

    解决:重新登录下即可(断开连接,重新连接)

    [root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]# 
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fan-gx/p/14297703.html
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